Coulter technology

M. O. Coulter, Modem Chlor—Alkali Technology, Ellis Horwood, London, 1980. 

The number of dedicated commercial instruments for CEC is very limited. Large manufacturers such as Agilent Technologies (Wallbron, Germany) and Beckmann/Coulter (Fullerton, CA, USA) implemented relatively minor adjust-... 

While Affymetrix s early entry into the DNA microarray market afforded it a formidable position, the company has competitors. In order to commercialize the in situ array, it became clear that access to certain intellectual properties, especially the Southern patent (Oxford Gene Technologies or OGT), was required. Affymetrix obtained a license through a business relationship with Beckman Coulter which originally held the first and exclusive Southern license and later relinquished its exclusivity. Beckman Coulter and Affymetrix entered into a joint venture with Array Automation LLC to automate the processing of Affymetrix chips. Now that license to the Southern technology is available from OGT, others are permitted to commercialize in situ microarrays by alternative chemical S5mthesis approaches. 

Novagen (ProteoPlex ), S S (FAST Quant), BioSource (Cartesian Array ), and BD Biosciences (BD Clontech Ab Microarrays) have introduced or will soon introduce protein microarray slide formatted products in which antibodies are directly immobilized. Beckman Coulter s protein array products for performing micro-ELlSAS in standard 96-well plate formats are based upon the self-assembly (by hybridization) of oligonucleotide-antibody conjugates to complementary oligonucleotides arrayed in individual wells. HTG s protein array technology was described previously. 

The protein microarray represents an emerging technology. While we have described its potential utility, several key problems remain to be overcome before this tool is fully adopted by the research and biopharmaceutical commxmities. The most likely first embodiment will be an antibody "protein-detecting" microarray. This is understandable based upon the availability and suitability of antibody libraries originally developed for ELISA. We have discussed many demonstrahons of antibody arrays in this chapter but commercial introductions (Pierce, Beckman Coulter) have been limited. 

Robert (Bob) Matson, Ph.D., is a senior staff scientist in the Advanced Technology Center at Beckman Coulter, Inc., Fullerton, California. He has been involved in the development of both nucleic acid and protein array-based technology for the past 13 years. His initial introduction to array technology began in collaboration with Sir Edwin Southern in developing an in situ oligonucleotide array synthesis platform for the corporation. Later work by Dr. Matson and his research team produced some of the first plastic microplate-based microarrays. Beckman Coulter recently launched the pi te based upon the microplate "array of arrays" concept. 

Science Foundation, the New Jersey Commission on Science Technology (which has established CPRR as one of its Advanced Technology Centers), and several state governments and universities. In the near future. Rep. Jim Coulter (R.-N.J.) is expected to reintroduce a proposal to fund the center as the National Center for Plastics Recycling, the hub of a national effort with other universities. 

We are grateful to P. Tiller (Merck and Co.), Y.-Q. Xia (Bristol-Myers Squibb), A. Watt (Merck and Co.), T. Pereira (Merck and Co.), Waters, Finnigan, Sciex/Apphed Biosystems, Beckman-Coulter, Spark-Holland, Tomtec, and LEAP Technologies for providing some of the hgures and helpful discussions. 

Beckman Coulter Z2 uses the same technology as the Zl. It performs channelyzation of particle data into 256 channels while displaying size distribution data. The advanced user interface allows the operator to view the data in a variety of ways. Sample volumes as small as 10 ml can be handled using Accuvette II vials or less than 2 ml using ampule insertable aperture tubes. 

Advanced Technology Center, Beckman Coulter, Inc., Fullerton, California, U.S.A. 

Coulter KE, Kehde H, Hiscock BF. 1969. Styrene. In Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology. Vol. 19, 2nd ed. New York John Wiley Sons, Inc., 55-85. 

Coulter, M.V., "Modern Chlor-Alkali Technology," Society of... 

M. O. Coulter, Modern Chlor-Alkali Technology, Section 9. 7.2., Ellis Horwood Publ., Chichester, U.K. (1980). 

Kretzschmar, Arzneimittei-Forsch. 19, 617 (1969). Monograph W. C. Teach, G. C. Kiessling, Polystyrene (Reinhold, New York, 1960). Reviews of styrene monomer and polymers Boyer et at., "Styrene Polymers" in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology vol. 13 (Interscience, New York, 1970) pp 128-447 Coulter eta/., "Styrene and Related Monomers" in Vinyl and Diene Monomers (part 2), E. C. Leonard, Ed. (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1971) pp 479-576. 

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