Cotton pigments

Use Dyeing unmordanted cotton, pigment in quality paints and enamels. 

Ibrahim, N. A., Eid, Abdel Aziz, E., and Abou Elmaaty, T. M. (2013). Functionalization of linen/cotton pigment prints using inorganic nano structure, Carhohvd. Poivm.. 97,537-545. 

Uses Dye for cotton pigment, colorant for plastics, paints/coatings, printing inks... 

Properties Olive green m.w. 492.15 m.p. 0 C Toxicology Prevent direct contact with skin or eyes prevent inh. TSCA listed Uses Dye for cotton pigment for paper colorant for hair dyes... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic vapors of NOx and Cr Uses Vat dye for cotton pigment for printing inks colorant for cosmetics, contact lenses Regulatory FDA 21CFR 73.3119, exempt from certification, permanently listed for use in medical devices not permitted in food (EU)... 

In the calendering method, a PVC compound which contains plasticizers (qv) (60—120 phr), pigments (qv) (0—10 phr), fillers (qv) (20—60 phr), stabilizers (10—30 phr), and other additives, is kneaded with calender roUs at 150—200°C, followed by extmsion between clearance-adjusted roUs for bonding onto the substrate. This method is employed for products with thick PVC layers, ie, of 0.05—0.75 mm thickness. The main plasticizer used is di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DOP). For filler to reduce cost, calcium carbonate is mainly used. A woven or knit fabric made of cotton, rayon, nylon, polyester, and their blend fiber is used as substrate. For foamed vinyl-coated fabrics, the bonded materials are heated in an oven to decompose the foam-blowing... 

Phthalocyanine Dyes. In addition to their use as pigments, the phthalocyanines have found widespread appHcation as dyestuffs, eg, direct and reactive dyes, water-soluble dyes with physical or chemical binding, solvent-soluble dyes with physical or chemical binding, a2o reactive dyes, a2o nonreactive dyes, sulfur dyes, and wet dyes. The first phthalocyanine dyes were used in the early 1930s to dye textiles like cotton (qv). The water-soluble forms Hke sodium salts of copper phthalocyanine disulfonic acid. Direct Blue 86 [1330-38-7] (Cl 74180), Direct Blue 87 [1330-39-8] (Cl 74200), Acid Blue 249 [36485-85-5] (Cl 74220), and their derivatives are used to dye natural and synthetic textiles (qv), paper, and leather (qv). The sodium salt of cobalt phthalocyanine, ie. Vat Blue 29 [1328-50-3] (Cl 74140) is mostly appHed to ceUulose fibers (qv). 

Melamines have found utiUty as rotproofing and weatherproofing ceUulosics (57,58), as binders for pigments and for transfer printing of cotton and cotton blends (59), as well as in numerous other appHcations. Guanamines have been suggested for many of the same appHcations as melamines, but the similar chemical stmctures of the two are likely to add to the same problems encountered with melamines. 

Pigments. Pigment-printed textiles represent the highest percentage of all printed textiles, accounting for between 40 and 50% of all ceUulose and over 90% of polyester—cotton blend prints. This is primarily the result of the uncompHcated process, low cost of imparting colored patterns to textiles with pigment systems, and theh appHcabiHty to all fibers. 

Lapacol [84-79-7] (Cl Natural Yellow 16 Cl 75490) (lapachic acid, taiguie acid, tecomin) is a yellow pigment occurring in the wood of trees of the genus Tecoma native to the West Indies and tropical South America. The shavings of the wood, treated with lime water, give an extract that dyes cotton yellow. 

Fig. 6. Washing performance on different soilings of a U.S. liquid detergent (B) and a U.S. powder detergent (H in a Terg-o-tometer operating at 20°C for 10 min one enzyme dosage. EMPA 117 (nulk, blood, and ink on polyester/cotton) EMPA 116 (milk, blood, and ink on 100% cotton) grass on (100% cotton) AS 10 (milk, oil, and pigments on 100% cotton) blood soilings (on 100% cotton).

In view of the immense commercial importance of phthalocyanines as pigments, it is perhaps surprising that only a few are of importance as textile dyes. This is primarily due to the size of the molecules they are too large to allow penetration into many fibres, especially the synthetic fibres polyester and polyacrylonitrile. An example of a phthalocyanine dye which may be used to dye cellulosic substrates such as cotton and paper is C. I. Direct Blue 86 (96), a disulfonated copper phthalocyanine. In addition, a few blue reactive dyes for cotton incorporate the copper phthalocyanine system as the chromophoric unit (Chapter 8). 

Azoic dyeing of cellulosic fibres is a process that is used only to a small extent today. In this process, an azo pigment is formed by chemical reaction within the fibre. The cotton fibres are first impregnated with an appropriate coupling component such as the anilide of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 156, under aqueous alkaline conditions. The fibre is then treated with a solution of a stabilised diazonium salt, in which the... 

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