Cosmetics defined

The Food, Dmg and Cosmetics Act defines a cosmetic as a substance intended to be mbbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise appHed to the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance. A dmg is defined as an article intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in humans or other animals, and articles intended to affect the stmcture or any function of the body of humans or other animals. 

Economic summaries of the cosmetic industry, commonly documented by sales volume, are sometimes based on unit sales, sometimes on manufacturers sales in monetary units, and sometimes on consumer spending. Figures normally include contributions by private labeling operations but do not necessarily reflect the value of the industry service sector, which includes suppHers of raw materials, beauticians, testing laboratories, and other speciaHsts. Moreover, product categories caimot be rigidly defined. For example, the differentiation between a deodorant (a cosmetic) and an antiperspirant (an OTC dmg) is often obscured by its trade name. 

European Regulations. Regulations for cosmetics differ from country to country but, in general, are similar to or patterned after U.S. regulation. Thus, the identification of a cosmetic in the European Community differs only marginally from that in the United States. A 1991 European Economic Community (EEC) directive defines a cosmetic as ... 

Cosmetics in Japan are defined as externally used articles for cleaning, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, and altering the appearance of the... 

The legal status of dairy substitutes varies widely among countries. In the United States, the FDA has held that filled products should be nutritionally equivalent to the products they resemble. In the case of imitation milks, the FDA proposed regulations for nutritional equivalency (31). A section of the Food, Dmg and Cosmetic Act defines misbranded foods, and the FDA has set up standards of identity for foods under this part of the law (32) which includes standards for imitation milks, cheese, and creams (32). 

A disperse system is defined as a heterogenous, two-phase system in which the internal (dispersed, discontinuous) phase is distributed or dispersed within the continuous (external) phase or vehicle. Various pharmaceutical systems are included in this definition, the internal and external phases being gases, liquids, or solids. Disperse systems are also important in other fields of application, e.g., processing and manufacturing of household and industrial products such as cosmetics, foods, and paints. 

A revision of the Pure Food and Drug Act, the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act, passed in 1938, added several provisions that impacted the food industry. Among those provisions were authorized factory inspections and the authority for court injunction to the previous seizure and prosecution actions (Janssen, 1992). Adulterated food was now defined as Sec. 402, A food shall be deemed to be adulterated if it consists in whole or in part of any filthy, putrid, or decomposed substance, or if it is otherwise unfit for food, or if it has been prepared, packed or held under unsanitary conditions whereby it may have become contaminated with filth, or whereby it may have been rendered injurious to health. The importance of the whereby clause is the concept that a food product need not be contaminated physically to be considered adulterated, but has been exposed to conditions that may have resulted in contamination of the food. This situation is vastly different from that which existed at the time the 1906 Food and Drug Act was passed. 

Existing chemical substances do not have to be notified. These are defined as those listed on the European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (EINECS) (a. 1), a list of approximately 100,000 substances reported as being supplied in the EU during the reporting period of 1 January 1971 to 18 September 1981 (389, 394). Also the DSD does not apply to medicinal products, cosmetic products, wastes, foodstuffs, pesticides, biocides and radioactive substances. 

Table 13.8 lists the relevant sections of CFR 21 which govern excipients. Under Section 201(g)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD C Act 1), the term drug is defined as ... 

P.R.57 1 is a useful colorant for a variety of special purpose media, including colored pencils and crayons. A number of countries have legally defined purity regulations concerning the use in decorative cosmetics articles, such as face powder and lipstick. The same is true for cheese casings [11], Suitable grades are commercially available, they are registered in the USA as D C Red 7, in Japan as Red No. 202. 

Pentaerythritol Ester As with glycerol esters, the esters are produced by esterification of pentaerythritol with the desired fatty acids. For example, under defined reaction conditions and use of stearic acid in defined concentration, pentaerythritol distearate has been recently developed as an off-white wax with very weak odor (Cutina PES). This type of product is offered as co-emulsifier and consistency factor for cosmetic products with high sensorial elegance and can be applied in various formulations (Fig. 4.17). 

A marine nutraceutical is defined as a marine-derived substance that can be used as a dietary supplement or a food ingredient that provides a medicinal or health benefit beyond basic nutrition [Barrow, C.. and F. Shahidi (2008). Marine Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. CRC Press. 494 pp.] Cosmoceuticals are cosmetic products with drug-like benefits conferred by ingredients such as vitamins, phytochemicals, enzymes, antioxidants, and essential oils. 

Production processes used in the pharmaceutical/fine chemical, cosmetic, textile, rubber, and other industries result in wastewaters containing significant levels of aliphatic solvents. It has been reported that of the 1000 tons per year of EC-defined toxic wastes generated in Ireland, organic solvents contribute 66% of the waste [27]. A survey of the constituents of pharmaceutical wastewater in Ireland has reported that aliphatic solvents contribute a significant proportion of the BOD/COD content of pharmaceutical effluents. Organic solvents are flammable, malodorous, and potentially toxic to aquatic organisms and thus require complete elimination by wastewater treatment systems. 

The term food additive is used to cover any substance that is expected to become a component of human food. This covers substances intentionally added to food for their nutritional, chemical, or physical benefits (e.g., colorants and gelling agents) and substances used in the manufacture or packaging of foods (i.e., food contact substances, formerly known as indirect food additives ). The US Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act defines food additives as substances whose intended use results or may reasonably be expected to result, directly or indirectly, in its becoming a component of food or otherwise affecting the characteristics of food. ... 

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