Non-intentionally added substances

These last two categories, which are common to most packaging manufacturing processes, could be considered as non-intentionally added substances if they contaminate the foodstuff. 

Effective assessments will be possible only through close co-operation along the materials supply chain. This approach is, however, of only limited use unless it is taken in parallel with a more realistic assessment of the real potential for exposure of consumers to these substances. The traditional approach is to use a series of worst-case assumptions which, whilst workable for most intentionally added substances, becomes um-ealistically onerous for these traces of non-intentionally added substances. The need for realistic exposure assessment and a description of some of the tools now emerging to facilitate this is covered elsewhere in this book. 

Bach C, Dauchy X, Severin I, Munoz J, Serge E, Chagnon M. Effect of temperatme on the release of intentionally and non-intentionally added substances from polyethylene teie-phthalate (PET) bottles into water. Chemical analysis and potential toxicity. Food Chem 2013 139 (1-4) 672-680. 

Nerin C, Alfaro P, Aznar M, Domeno C. The challenge of identilying non-intentionally added substances from food packaging materials a review. Anal Chim Acta 2013 775 14-24. 

Asakura K, Saloh H, Chiba M et al (2009) Genotoxicity studies of heavy metals lead, bismuth, indium, silver and antimony. J Occup Health 51(6) 498-512 Bach C, Dauchy X, Chagnon MC et al (2012) Chemical compounds and toxicological assessments of drinking water stored in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles a source of controversy reviewed. Water Res 46(3) 571—583 Bach C, Dauchy X, Severin I et al (2013) Effect of temperature on the release of intentionally and non-intentionally added substances fiom polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles into water chemical analysis and potential toxicity. Eood Chem 139(1—4) 672-680 Baiocco P, Colotd G, Eranceschini S et al (2009) Molecular basis of antimony treatment in leishmaniasis. J Med Chem 52(8) 2603—2612... 

Keywords Food packaging Food contact materials Food contact substances Migration Non-intentionally added substance Chemical risk assessment Toxicological testing requirements... 

Food contact plastics are complex chemical mixtures, containing known intentionally added food contact substances, as well as non-intentionally added substances that may be known or unknown. 

Food Contact Materials, Migration and Non-intentionally Added Substances... 

Temper A non-plastic substance intentionally added to clay in order to reduce breakage caused by shrinkage and firing. 

The FDA also regulates food additives - substances, such as antioxidants, emulsifiers and non-nutritive sweeteners, that are intentionally and directly added to food to achieve some desired technical quality in the food. As noted, the Delaney clause prohibits the deliberate addition to food of any amount of a carcinogen. These additives, if they are threshold agents (not carcinogenic), can be allowed as long as the human intake does not exceed a well-documented ADI. Those who would seek approval for an additive need to supply the FDA with all of the toxicity information needed to establish a reliable ADI, and all of the product-use data that would permit the agency to assure itself that the ADI will not be exceeded when the additive is used. 

While food contaminants are usually non-nutritious substances without any technological function, which are unintentionally added to foods, food additives are added intentionally for technological purposes. Use of food additives is governed by certain principles, as described by Elias and Sinskey, which include the following ... 

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