Cosmetic applicators

Squalene is an isoprenoid compound that is found in large quantities in shark liver and in smaller quantities in olives, rice bran and wheat germ. It is a bactericidal compound and an antioxidant and it aids in skin nutrition. Several cosmetic applications of rice bran and rice bran oil arise from the biological effects of their squalene, vitamin E and y-oryzanol content. Since these compounds are fat-soluble, rice bran oil is used for all these preparations. 

Supercritical fluid extraction (SEE) is another modern separation technology usually employed to extract lipophilic compounds such as cranberry seed oil, lycopene, coumarins, and other seed oils. Anthocyanins generally and glycosylated anthocyanins in particular were considered unsuitable for SEE due to their hydrophilic properties, since SEE is applicable for non-polar analytes. However, a small amount of methanol was applied as co-solvent to increase CO2 polarity in anthocyanin extraction from grape pomace. New applications of SEE for anthocyanin purification have been reported for cosmetic applications from red fruits. ... 

There are large numbers of naturally occurring representatives, especially of pyrrole that include the important polypyrroles (porphyrins and corrins), and the nitropyrrole antibiotics such as pyr-rolomycins and pyrroxamycin. Derivatives of furan have been used as fungicides and A-vinylpyr-rolidone is an important monomer for the production of blood plasma extenders and for cosmetic applications. On account of the similarity in the pathways for the aerobic degradation of monocyclic furan, thiophene, and pyrrole, all of them are considered here. Anaerobic degradation of furans is discussed in Part 2 of this chapter. 

PARABEN ESTERS Typical use concentrations 0.1 - 0.3% Low toxicity Dermatologically safe at typical use concentrations Over 70 years widespread use with an extremely low incidence rate of skin response GRAS (Generally Recognised As Safe) in the USA Stable and active over a wide pH range Stable to heat Combinations of esters exhibit increased activity Approved for cosmetic applications worldwide Low water solubility Some nonionics inactivate to varying degrees May require addition of other preservatives, eg. bactericides Incompatible with some proteins... 

Maruno, M. and da Rocha-Filhoa, P.A. (2010) O/W nanoemulsion after 15 years of preparation a suitable vehicle for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 31, 17-22. 

Figure 9 Patented 5-5 bicyclic ring compounds for cosmetic applications.

Cosmetic applications, lactic acid in, 14 125 Cosmetic emulsions, 10 129 Cosmetic formulations, interaction with skin, 24 158... 

Guerbet alcohols cosmetic applications, 2 21 in cosmetic molded sticks, 7 840t major producers, 2 27t Guerbet process, 2 27t, 43 Guerbet reaction, 10 558 Guest-host LCDs, 15 115 Guest-host mode LCD systems, 9 339 Guggenheim process, for sodium nitrate, 22 846-848... 

Alkylglucosides are a class of valuable commercial surfactants, particularly for cosmetics applications because of their biocompatibility. They are obtained by acetalization of carbohydrates with fatty alcohols in the presence of acid catalysts. Zeolites and MCM-41 have been used as acidic catalysts to achieve the acetalization of glucose with alcohols of different chain lengths [45, 46]. Shape selectivity effects decrease the amount of oligomers formed and the activity and selectivity can be controlled with the Si/Al ratio. 

Alkyl polyglucoside carboxylate (INCI-name Sodium Lauryl Glucose Carboxylate (and) Lauryl Glucoside, Plantapon LGC SORB) is a new anionic surfactant with excellent performance for personal care cleansing applications. In shampoo and shower bath formulations the anionic surfactant shows a good foaming behavior. In body wash applications it improves sensorial effects. These properties make Plantapon LGC SORB suitable for several cosmetic applications, e.g., mild facial wash gel, mild baby shampoo, mild body wash for sensitive skin, wet wipes, and special sulfate-free shampoo applications. 

Clear or drop impact resistant containers, boxes, hot filled bottles, dessert pots, horticultural pots, integrated hinge boxes, bottles and other cans up to several litres, caps and closures for beverage and cosmetic applications, medical disposable trays, containers for irrigation, parenteral, haemodialysis solutions. .. 

Cosmetic Rinse off Preparations. In certain cosmetic products, tor example hair shampoos, it is not possible to use complexing agents because of the irritation of mucous membranes. Here a low sensitivity of surfactants to water hardness is a precondition for their application. Foam formation is generally considered to be a measure of shampoo quality (Table V). With increase in water hardness the foam volume of alkyl sulfates decreases very much, whereas with the corresponding alkyl ether sulfates this decrease is relatively small. For cosmetic applications, the good skin compatibility and low irritation to mucous membranes of alkyl ether sulfates is of high importance (37). 

Synthetic musks are also desirable in consumer products because of their fixative properties. Much as they are classified into these two groups, the members within each group of synthetic musks are quite diverse and do not have a common chemical stmctme. Thus, even within each group, musks cannot be tmated as a single entity in terms of characteristics except for the musky scent common to aU musks. Cosmetics application and absorption from textiles is a major somce of HHCB and AHTN, materials that end up in the environment (Cadby et al., 2002). 

Deoxy- gadusol 4-deoxygadusol/deri ved from mycosporine-like amino acid 4-deoxygadusol marine algae/antioxidant for food processing and cosmetic applications T( Suisan Co... 

The other question that needs to be answered in these days of the Internet is why a book is even necessary when so much information can be gleaned by simple use of a keyboard. In part, this is exactly why a textbook is needed. There is a real danger of students getting information overload, with so much information being readily available that they are unable to digest and assimilate it. For example, a recent Google search for chitosan stability achieved over 22,000 hits, most of which were useless since, for some reason, they were connected with cosmetic applications. Try searching under the term emulsions and be prepared for an astronomical response ... 

Weiner, N., et al. 1994. Liposomes A novel topical delivery system for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. J Drug Target 2 405. 

Bleaching of natural hair color can be done as a single cosmetic application but is also part of oxidative hair coloring. Bleaching, blonding, and lightening of human... 

Fig. 31 Example of cosmetic application of NanoMasque . a treatment of the skin, b NanoMasque material...

Few reports have investigated the therapeutic and cosmetic applications of sphingolipids on skin, except for ceramides, which can be used for treatment of dry skin such as atopic dermatitis. However, various in vitro studies have demonstrated the biological effects of sphingolipids on differentiation... 

The face is the most common site for cosmetic reactions, particularly in the eyelid area.4 5 9 Facial skin is highly permeable, due to a thinner stratum corneum and a greater density of appendages (e.g., sweat glands, hair follicles). Moreover, facial skin contains an elaborate network of sensory nerves. The frequency of cosmetic application is also increased at this body site. Although mild inflammatory changes are often masked on the face, in the event that eruptions do occur, they are readily noticed by the consumer. 

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