Cortisol Cortisone

Cortisol-Cortisone Conversion. Under normal conditions, this equilibrium slightly favors the oxidized compound. Similarly, the conversion of corticosterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone is also mediated by the liP-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme system and requites NAD(P) /NAD(P)H. This conversion is especially important both in the protection of the human fetus from excessive glucocorticoid exposure, and in the protection of distal nephron mineral ocorticoid receptors from glucocorticoid exposure (14). The impairment of this conversion is thought to result in hypertension associated with renal insufficiency (15). 

Die selektive Reduktion der 20-Oxo-prcgnene fiihrt zu pharmazeutisch wichtigen Cor-ticostcroiden (Progesteron, Corticosteron, Cortisol, Cortison u. a.) z. B. ... 

System (3) described the use of stable-isotope-dilution mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of cortisol, cortisone, prednisolone, and prednisone in plasma [177]. Cortisol, cortisone, prednisolone, and prednisone were simultaneously extracted from acidified plasma on a Sep-Pak Ci8 cartridge. The column was eluted with methanol, the eluent evaporated, and the residue compounds reacted to their bismethylenedioxy-3-heptafluoro-n-butyryl derivatives by treatment with formaldehyde and heptafluoro-n-butyric anhydride. The derivatives were... 

System (4) has been reported for the simultaneous determination of cortisol and cortisone in human plasma by stable-isotope dilution-MS [178]. For the determination, capillary GC-MS with H5 -cortisol and H5 -cortisone (as internal standards) was used. The method used a SPB-1 fused-silica capillary column (7 m x 0.25 mm) and helium as the carrier gas (at 29.4 Pa), with 70 eV EIMS being used for selective-ion monitoring. The concentrations were determined from the peak height ratios of the [M-31] fragment ions of the methoxime-TMS derivatives of cortisol, cortisone, and their internal standards. The sensitivity of the method was 200 pg per injection for both cortisol and cortisone. 

Adrenocorticosteroids The group of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. These drugs include the glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone), min-eralocorticoids (aldosterone), and sex hormones (androgens, estrogens, progestins). 

Q2 The adrenal cortex secretes three main groups of hormones mineralocorticoid (e.g. aldosterone), glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol, cortisone and corticosterone) and gonadocorticoids (mainly androgens with small amounts of progesterone and oestrogen). Aldosterone is a salt-retaining hormone which acts on the kidney to facilitate sodium and water reabsorption. 

Proprietary Names. Adreson Cortate Cortelan Cortisol Cortison Cortistab Cortisyl Cortone Cortone Acetate Sterop. 

Morineau G, Radioimmunoassay of cortisone in serum, urine, and saliva to assess the status of the cortisol-cortisone shuttle. Clin Chem 1997 43 1397-407. 

From Table 5 it will be seen that the cortisol cortisone ratio of 0.7 1 in mixed arterial and venous umbilical cord blood is a complete reversal of the ratio of 11 1 in maternal blood. This change could be produced by the placenta because blood milked from a cord at delivery is predominantly venous. James (J3) has measured the two steroids in samples of pooled venous and pooled arterial plasma although he found the same levels (7, ag/100 ml) in each for cortisol, the level of cortisone was lower in the artery (10.5 jug/lOO ml) than in the vein (14.0 jug/lOO ml), indicating a supply of cortisone from the placenta. The considerable activity of... 

Blood Levels, Production Rates, and Metabolism op Cortisol, Cortisone, and Corticosterone... 

The structure of cortisol differs from that of cortisone in that the C-ll hydroxyl group is replaced by a carbonyl group. Glycyrrhizic acid inhibits 1 l-/5-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which prevents the deactivation of cortisol. Cortisone is administered to Addison s disease patients because it is converted to cortisol by 1 l-/5-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase a reversible enzyme. 

Hirata, H. Kasama, T. Sawai, Y Fike, R.R. Simultaneous determination of deflazacort metabolites II and III, cortisol, cortisone, prednisolone and prednisone in human serum by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J.Chromatogr.B, 1994, 658, 55-61... 

Dodds, H.M. Maguire, D.J. Mortimer, R.H. Addison, R.S. Cannell, G.R. High performance liquid chromatographic separation of cortisol, cortisone, and their 20-reduced metabolites in perfusion media. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1995, 18, 1809-1820... 

Simultaneous androstenedione, corticosterone, cortisol, cortisone, ll-deo g corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, dexamethasone acetate, estradiol, estriol, estrone, 17a-hydro roges-terone, progesterone, testosterone... 

The first liquid-solid separation of the corticosteroids was carried out using a silica stationary phase with a mobile phase of chloroform-dioxane (100 5) to separate cortisol, cortisone and 11-de-oxycortisol (Touchstone and Wortmann, 1973). Most separations using silica stationary phases have used variations of the mobile phase originally described by Hesse and Hovermann (1973). Thus, a mobile phase of dichloromethane-ethanol-water (93.6 4.7 1.7) has been used to resolve prednisolone, cortisol, prednisone, cortisone, corticosterone, deoxycortisol and 17-a-hydroxy-progesterone on a silica stationary phase (Trefz et al., 1975). Other mobile phases which have been used include hexane-methylene chloride-ethanol-acetic acid (63.8 30 6 0.2) for the determination of plasma prednisolone (Loo et al., 1977), a mixture of 1.5% methanol and 0.2% water in chloro-... 

Decreases in serum cortisol levels in humans after a single oral dose of zinc sulfate may indicate adrenal cortical damage (Brandao-Neto et al. 1990a). A chronic-duration drinking water study in rats exposed to 70 mg/kg/day revealed hypertrophy and vacuolation of the zona fasciculata cells of the adrenal cortex (Aughey et al. 1977). Glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone) are secreted by cells in the zona fasciculata. It is not known if there is a relationship between the damage to the pancreatic islets and the hypertrophy of the zona fasciculata cells in the adrenal cortex. 

The four corticosteroids, corticosterone, cortisol, cortisone and aldosterone, are structurally and biosynthetically related (see Fig. 10.1, p. 161). The principal ones are corticosterone and aldosterone. The former is present in the highest concentrations in plasma. The ratio corticosteronealdosterone in plasma is approximately 14 1 in domestic fowl, and 63 1 in the duck (Harvey, Scanes Brown, 1986). The enzymes together with P-450 cytochrome, which catalyse the biosynthesis of corticosteroids, are present on the endoplasmic reticulum. 

More than 30 steroids have been found in the adrenal cortex the following show marked A.c. activity cortisol, cortisone, cortexolone, 11-dehydrocorticos-terone, corticosterone and aldosterone (see separate entries). Tlie most abundant A.e. are cortisol, corticosterone and aldosterone, which are secreted daily into the blood in quantities of 15, 3 and 0.3 mg, respectively. 

Progesterone, cortisol, cortisone, aldosterone and related compounds have hormone activity in animals (E 3.1). Progesterone regulates the metabolic activity of the gonads. It is synthesized mainly in the corpus luteum and the placenta. Cortisol, cortisone, and aldosterone influence carbohydrate and mineral metabolism. They are formed in the adrenal cortex (corticosteroids), but also in the gonads and the placenta. All compounds mentioned are used in medicine (F 2) and are produced by the pharmaceutical industry, e.g., from steroid saponins (D 6.4.2) or steroid alkaloids (D 6.4.3). 

Cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, prednisone, and prednisolone were extracted from serum and separated on a Cjg column (A = 215 nm) at 50°C using an 80/20 water/THF mobile phase [850]. Peak shapes were good and baseline resolution was achieved. Elution was complete in 20 min. Detection limits of 0.4pg/dL with a linear concentration range up to 60 pg/dL were reported. The authors also presented a very useful table of relative retention times under identical conditions for 15 additional potentially interfering steroids. 

Hydroxycorticosteroids (Porter-Silber chromogens). These are measured by the phenylhydrazine-sulphuric acid reagent described above and this estimates cortisol, cortisone and 11-deoxycortisol together with their tetrahydroderivatives, i.e. cortisol precursors and their metabolites. This is used as an index of cortisol ouput. 

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