Corrosion, delay action

Monobutylamines are easily soluble in water and hydrocarbons and can generally be steam distilled. These properties lead to uses in soaps for water and oil emulsions, and as corrosion inhibitors in steam boiler appHcations (see Corrosion and corrosion inhibitors Emulsions). Morpholine is also extensively used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam boiler systems. In addition, it is widely used as an intermediate in the production of delayed-action mbber accelerators. 

SAFETY PROFILE Suspected carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. A human poison by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation anorexia, nausea or vomiting. Corrosive to skin can produce severe burns. Human mutation data reported. A powerful fumigant gas that is one of the most toxic of the common organic halides. It is hemotoxic and narcotic with delayed action. The effects are cumulative and damaging to nervous system, kidneys, and lung. Central nervous system effects include blurred vision, mental confusion, numbness, tremors, and speech defects. 

An interesting variant of delay action by means of corrosion is the controlled removal of metal by anodic corrosion until a certain mechanical effect such as a spring release has taken place. The device requires a source of direct current that can be furnished by a so-called sea-water battei, as in the case of arming a mine following its placing it in the ocean, claimed by F. F. Farnsworth et al. ... 

In a series of articles that appear periodically in newspapers and magazines, sunken chemical weapons are considered a delayed-action ecological mine of a sort, which will blow up in several months. In fact, if thousands of chemical bombs and shells were simultaneously destroyed owing to corrosion, and hundreds of thousands of tonnes of war contaminants got into the sea water and then into the atmosphere, nobody would remain alive over a vast area. On the other hand, more moderate predictions are published as well. However, in any case, sunken chemical weapons present a real threat for those populations which reside in the Baltic Sea region (about 50 million). 

Lead zero TT Action Level = 0.015 Infants and children Delays in physical or mental develoj Adults Kidney problems high blood pressure Corrosion of hfflisehold plumbing systems erosion of natural deposits... 

From time to time astronomical estimates are made of the annual destruction of metals, particularly iron and steel, by corrosion (Section 1.1). Paint is one of the oldest methods used for delaying this process and consequently it is somewhat surprising that its protective action has only recently been systematically examined. 

Inorganic acids have similar acute toxic properties corrosive action on the skin, the respiratory tract, and especially the eyes where corneal damage may occur. Severe exposures may cause blindness, pulmonary edema, and even death. The onset of symptoms may be delayed for several hours after exposure. Prolonged exposures to low concentrations produce chronic effects such as tooth erosion, chronic bronchitis, and photosensitization of the skin (J >2, ). 

The water-vapour action causing the delayed-failure reaction is an activated process similar to corrosion of silicates in an aquatic environment. Following the chemical reaction, an unstable compound is formed... 

The two types of contact dermatitis are irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, and they are clinically indistinguishable. Irritants involve a nonimmune response caused by the direct action of the irritant on the skin. Related, but different, is allergic contact dermatitis that is caused by a delayed hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system (see allergens below). Many chemicals have irritant properties and some examples are shown in Table 4.1.2.1. Dilute concentrations of corrosives can have... 

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is caused by the combined action of a static tensile stress and corrosion. The stress may originate from external loading or be the result of a thermal or mechanical treatment that generates residual stresses in the material. Stress corrosion cracking failures usually occur with some delay and they are limited to particular alloy-environment combinations, temperature ranges and stress levels. 

Cr(VI) compounds are corrosive as a result of their acidity and oxidizing potential. Oral, pulmonary, and dermal exposure to Cr(VI) may involve local irritation and corrosive action. Dermal irritation with ulceration can lead to systemic uptake of chromium, but this is an extreme situation. Perforation of the nasal septum, formerly common in industries using chromium, is rarely seen today. Dermal contact can also cause delayed sensitization and allergic dermatitis Cr(VI) appears to be more active than Cr(III) in this regard. These actions of Cr(VI) are local, not systemic, and do not involve any consideration of chromium kinetics. 

Inhalation, The effects of inhalation exposure to corrosives can vary from severe but reversible irritation of the respiratory system to pulmonary edema, pneumonitis, complete destruction of the respiratory mucosa, or systemic poisoning. Examples 1) Ammonia gas produces a severe irritation of the respiratory tract through alkaline caustic action. 2) Chlorine, phosgene, or nitrogen oxides cause an initial irritation of the respiratory tract, but these chemicals may also eventually produce a delayed or even relapsing pulmonary edema. 3) Ethyleneimine and... 

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