Copper molybdenum

Cobalt, copper, molybdenum, iodine, iron, manganese, nickel, selenium, and zinc are sometimes provided to mminants. Mineral deficiency or toxicity in sheep, especially copper and selenium, is a common example of dietary mineral imbalance (21). Other elements may be required for optimal mminant performance (22). ExceUent reviews of trace elements are available (5,22). 

Flotation or froth flotation is a physicochemical property-based separation process. It is widely utilised in the area of mineral processing also known as ore dressing and mineral beneftciation for mineral concentration. In addition to the mining and metallurgical industries, flotation also finds appHcations in sewage treatment, water purification, bitumen recovery from tar sands, and coal desulfurization. Nearly one biUion tons of ore are treated by this process aimuaHy in the world. Phosphate rock, precious metals, lead, zinc, copper, molybdenum, and tin-containing ores as well as coal are treated routinely by this process some flotation plants treat 200,000 tons of ore per day (see Mineral recovery and processing). Various aspects of flotation theory and practice have been treated in books and reviews (1 9). 

Residual Elements. In addition to carbon, manganese, phosphoms, sulfur, and silicon which are always present, carbon steels may contain small amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen, introduced during the steelmaking process nickel, copper, molybdenum, chromium, and tin, which may be present in the scrap and aluminum, titanium, vanadium, or zirconium, which may have been introduced during deoxidation. 

Bingham Canyon Salt Lake, Utah Kennecott, Utah Copper Corp. j copper—molybdenum ore, concentrated and leached 245... 

Pinto Valley Gila, Ariz. Pinto Valley Copper Corp. ] J 1 copper—molybdenum ore, concentrated and 1 leached 92... 

Continental Silver Bow, Mont. Montana Resources Inc. copper—molybdenum ore, concentrated 50... 

About 50% of copper in food is absorbed, usually under equitibrium conditions, and stored in the tiver and muscles. Excretion is mainly via the bile, and only a few percent of the absorbed amount is found in urine. The excretion of copper from the human body is influenced by molybdenum. A low molybdenum concentration in the diet causes a low excretion of copper, and a high intake results in a considerable increase in copper excretion (68). This copper—molybdenum relationship appears to correlate with copper deficiency symptoms in cattle. It has been suggested that, at the pH of the intestine, copper and molybdate ions react to form biologically unavailable copper molybdate (69). 

Stainless Steel There are more than 70 standard types of stainless steel and many special alloys. These steels are produced in the wrought form (AISI types) and as cast alloys [Alloy Casting Institute (ACI) types]. Gener y, all are iron-based, with 12 to 30 percent chromium, 0 to 22 percent nickel, and minor amounts of carbon, niobium (columbium), copper, molybdenum, selenium, tantalum, and titanium. These alloys are veiy popular in the process industries. They are heat- and corrosion-resistant, noncontaminating, and easily fabricated into complex shapes. 

Synthetic aspects of Cu—Mo—S systems and their possible relevance to copper-molybdenum antagonism. S. Sarker and S. B. S. Mishra, Coord. Chem. Rev., 1984,59, 239-264 (80). 

The refractory metals for which CVD is commonly used to produce free-standing shapes are tungsten, niobium, rhenium, tantalum, molybdenum, and nickelb lb lb l (see Ch. 6). Shapes presently produced include rods, tubes, crucibles, manifolds, ordnance items, nozzles, and thrust chambers. They are usually deposited on a disposable mandrel of copper, molybdenum, or graphite which is subsequently machined off or removed chemically by etching. 

The enzymes are protein molecules having globular structure, as a rule. The molecular masses of the different enzymes have values between ten thousands and hundred thousands. The enzyme s active site, which, as a rule, consists of a nonproteinic organic compound containing metal ions of variable valency (iron, copper, molybdenum, etc.) is linked to the protein globule by covalent or hydrogen bonds. The catalytic action of the enzymes is due to electron transfer from these ions to the substrate. The protein part of the enzyme secures a suitable disposition of the substrate relative to the active site and is responsible for the high selectivity of catalytic action. 

Copper Molybdenum, Cobalt, Zinc + Lead, Gold Uranium, Antimony, Copper Gold, Silver, Tellurium, Selenium... 

Mesothermal Moderate temperatures (250-400 °C) and pressures, located away from the intrusive Copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, nickel, cobalt... 

As a specific illustration reference may be drawn to molybdenum reserve scenario in the United States. The reserves are mainly grouped under five categories (i) primary, (ii) byproduct of copper ores, (iii) co-product of copper-molybdenum ores, (iv) by-product of tungsten ores, and (v) by-product of uranium ores. These have been presented and briefly elaborated in Table 1.14. It may finally be recorded by way of summary that the present day molybdenum sources in the world today seem to be principally of two main kinds first, the large-tonnage, low-grade, disseminated type of deposit in which molybdenite is the principal economic mineral second, the deposits in which molybdenite occurs as a by-product in... 

Co-product of copper molybdenum ores In these ores neither copper nor molybdenum occurs in large enough quantity for the ore to be mined profitably for the extraction of just one. Operation would be profitable when both are recovered. 

Manganese oxide Sulfides (copper, molybdenum, lead) Electronic conductor Electronic conductor... 

The greatest economic importance of molybdenosis is associated with subclinical manifestations of copper deficiency resulting from forages containing a low copper molybdenum ratio. Unfortunately, these conditions are often difficult to diagnose accurately, and animal response to copper may be difficult to demonstrate (Ward 1978). One recommended treatment for afflicted cattle is 2 g daily of copper sulfate to cows and 1 g daily to young stock, or intravenous injection of 200 to 300 mg copper sulfate daily for several days (Underwood 1971). 

Allen, J.D. and J.M. Gawthome. 1987. Involvement of the solid phase of rumen digesta in the interaction between copper, molybdenum and sulphur in sheep. Brit. Jour. Nutr. 58 265-276. 

Baldwin, W.K., D.W. Hamar, M.L. Gerlach, and L.D. Lewis. 1981. Copper-molybdenum imbalance in range cattle. Bovine Practice 2 9-16. 

Buck, W.B. 1978. Copper/molybdenum toxicity in animals. Pages 491-515 in F.W. Oehme (ed.). Toxicity of Heavy Metals in the Environment. Part I. Marcel Dekker, New York. 

Froslie, A., G. Norheim, and N.E. Soli. 1983. Levels of copper, molybdenum, zinc, and sulphur in concentrates and mineral feeding stuffs in relation to chronic copper poisoning in sheep in Norway. ActaAgric. Scand. 33 261-267. 

Garmo, T.H., A. Froslie, and R. Hole. 1986. Levels of copper, molybdenum, sulphur, zinc, selenium, iron and manganese in native pasture plants from a mountain area in southern Norway. Acta Agric. Scand. 36 147-161. 

Suttle, N.F. 1980. The role of thiomolybdates in the nutritional interactions of copper, molybdenum, and sulfur fact or fantasy Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 355 195-207. 

Todd, J.R. 1976. Problems of copper-molybdenum imbalance in the nutrition of ruminants in northern Ireland. Pages 33-49 in W.R. Chappell and K.K. Peterson (eds.). Molybdenum in the Environment. Vol. 1. The Biology of Molybdenum. Marcel Dekker, New York. 

Sharma, R.P. and J.L. Shupe. 1977. Trace metals in ecosystems relationships of residues of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in animal tissues to those in vegetation and soil in the surrounding environment. Pages 595-608 in H. Drucker and R.E. Wildung (eds.). Biological Implications of Metals in the Environment. Avail, as CONF 750929 from Nat. Tech. Infor. Serv., U.S. Dep. Commer., Springfield, VA. 

In the USSR Kovalsky showed that productivity in cattle can be correlated to the excess or deficiency of boron, cobalt, copper, molybdenum and selenium in animal feed. Similar studies were carried out in England and Ireland by Webb (Webb, 1964 Webb et al., 1966) and in USA, by Ebens (Ebens and Schaclette, 1982). 

Strontium, barium, manganese, copper, molybdenum, and nickel are elements of strong accumulation in plant species of African Savanna ecosystems, in spite of different content in soils and soil-forming rocks. The Cb values are >1. The other elements, like beryllium, zirconium, titanium and vanadium, are less taken up by plants and their Cb values are less than 0.5. These refer to various exposure pathways to both microbes and plants as links in biogeochemical food webs. 

Kelly, A. and Tyson, W. R., Tensile properties of fiber reinforced metals copper tungsten and copper/molybdenum,. /. Mech. Phys. Solids, 13, 329 (1965). 

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