Alloy Casting Institute

Stainless Steel There are more than 70 standard types of stainless steel and many special alloys. These steels are produced in the wrought form (AISI types) and as cast alloys [Alloy Casting Institute (ACI) types]. Gener y, all are iron-based, with 12 to 30 percent chromium, 0 to 22 percent nickel, and minor amounts of carbon, niobium (columbium), copper, molybdenum, selenium, tantalum, and titanium. These alloys are veiy popular in the process industries. They are heat- and corrosion-resistant, noncontaminating, and easily fabricated into complex shapes. 

High Alloy Data Sheets, Heat Series, Alloy Casting Institute Division, Steel Founders Society of America, New York, 1973. 

ACI. Alloy Castings Institute produced a system for corrosion resistant and heat resistant castings. The letter C indicates the corrosion series and the letter H indicates the heat series. For example, CF-8 is a corrosion resistant stainless steel and HK-40 is a heat resistant stainless steel. 

At the present time there are three designation systems commonly used for cast materials. They are (1) the Unified Numbering System (UNS), (2) Alloy Casting Institute (ACI), and (3) the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 

Types of the American Iron Steel Institute and the HC, HH, etc., designations ar-e those of the Alloy Casting Institute. << Estimated. 

One major problem associated with aluminium and light alloy castings is the inability to completely eliminate the various production defects in their structure, such as gas cavities, porosity and intermetallic inclusions. The All-Russia Institute... 

Sulton W. Selection of refractories for vacuum cast alloys importance of refractory stability and chemical inertness. Preprint Investment Casting Institute Meeting, Scottsdale, AZ, 1978. 

Dental Gypsum-Bonded Casting Investments fior Gold Alloys, International Standard ISO 7490, American National Standards Institute, New York. 

A wide range of cast and wrought alloys is available. For detailed expositions of properties and uses the reader is referred to publications on many specialised aspects obtainable from the Copper Development Association offices in various countries. Relevant publications of the British Standards Institution include BS 1400, Copper Alloy Ingots and Castings and BS 2870-5, Copper and Copper Alloy Wrought Products. All standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials relating to copper and copper alloys are included in a volume published annually ... 

The impetus for further developments was the recognition of the economic significance of corrosion phenomenon during the 19th century that led the British Association for the Advancement of Science to sponsor corrosion testing projects such as the corrosion of cast and wrought iron in river and seawater atmospheres in 1837. Early academic interest in corrosion phenomenon (up to the First World War) was followed by industrial interest due to the occurrence of equipment failures. An example of this is the corrosion-related failure of condenser tubes as reported by the Institute of Metals and the British Non-ferrous Metals Research Association in 1911. This initiative led to the development of new corrosion-resistant alloys, and the corrosion related failure of condenser tubes in the Second World War was an insignificant problem. 

Belisle, S., and DuFresne, R. (1986). Corrosion resistance of ZA alloys. nt. Symp. Zinc-Aluminium (ZA) Casting Alloys, Toronto, Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Montreal, pp. 109-126. 

Sequira, W. R, Dunlop, G. D., Murray, M. T. (1996), Effect of section thickness and microstructure on the mechanical properties of high pressure die cast magnesium alloy AZ91D, in Proc. Third Interna-tional Magnesium Conference, Lorimer, G. W. (Ed.) The Institute of Materials, p. 63. The University Press. Cambridge, UK. 

Tillack, D. J., Guthrie, J. E. (1998), Wrought and Cast Heat-Resistant Stainless Steels and Nickel Alloys for the Refining and Petrochemical Industries. Toronto Nickel Development Institute, Technical Series Number 10,071. 

Speidel M.O., Stress-corrosion cracking of cast aluminium alloys, NATO, Advanced study Institute on stress-corrosion cracking, Denmark, 1975, p. 97-115. 

---