Copper chloride, naming

An ionic compound is named with the cation name first, followed by the name of the anion the word ion is omitted in each case. Typical names include potassium chloride (KCl), a compound containing K+ and Cl ions and ammonium nitrate (NH4N03), which contains NH4+ and N03 ions. The copper chloride that contains Cu+ ions (CuCl) is called copper(I) chloride and the chloride that contains Cu2+ ions (CuCl2) is called copper(II) chloride. 

There is a lot of oxygen in the atmosphere, and over the millions of years since the Earth was formed many metals have combined with oxygen to form compounds called oxides. Iron, for example, occurs in the molten core of our Earth, and is often found in the Earth s crust as the ore haematite, which is iron oxide. Iron oxide is a binary compound, which means it contains only two elements. Notice that its name ends with ide . This is true for all binary compounds. Metals tend to combine with non-metals. Where a binary compound is made up of a metal and a non-metal, the first name of the compound is simply the name of the metal it contains and the second is the name of the non-metal, changed to end in ide for example, the compound between copper and chlorine is copper chloride. 

Hyperbranched PPEs with phenolic terminal groups can be prepared from 4-bromo-4, 4"-dihydroxytriphenylmethane via a modified Ullmann reaction. The monomer is treated with potassium carbonate or sodium hydroxide as a base. Copper chloride is used as a catalyst in an aprotic solvent, namely, dimethyl sulfoxide or sulfolane. The degrees of branching reach from 48-71%. The phenoUc end groups can be easily modified. 

Anthonyite is a green or blue monoclinic hydrated copper chloride mineral, with chemical composition Cu(0H,Cl)2.3H20. Named after the mineralogist J.W. Anthony (1920-92), anthonyite is chemically very similar to calumetite q.v) which has been identified on paintings on canvas and in fi-esco. Calumetite contains less water in its structure and is usually bluer in colour. Both of these minerals are known from their type locality at the Centennial mine, Calumet (Michigan, USA). They are secondary copper minerals which form in the weathered zones of copper deposits (Williams, 1963). 

Calumetite is a blue orthorhombic hydrated copper chloride hydroxide mineral with composition, Cu(Cl,0H)2.2H20. Discovered by Williams, it is named after its type locality at Centennial mine. Calumet, Houghton County, Michigan, USA and is also known from the Tyrol (Austria) and Harz (Germany). Calumetite occurs as a secondary mineral in the oxidising portions of copper deposits where it forms as soft aggregates of spherical or scaly crystals. 

Nantokite is a copper chloride mineral with composition CuCl. It is named after its type locality of Nantoko (Atacama, Chile) from where it was described by Breithaupt in 1868. It occurs as soft masses of white microcrystals and granular aggregates which have precipitated in hydrothermal ore veins (Dana, 1932). Nantokite is also known from Tuscany (Italy), Broken Hill (Australia), St Just (Cornwall, England), Bisbee (Arizona, USA) and Durango (Mexico). 

Deacon, Henry (1822-76) A British chemistandindusiriallstwho foundedamajorchemical factory in Widnes, Lancashire. He filedapatentfor an improved process for the manufacture ofsulphuric acid in 1853. He later filed many more patents which included alkallmanufacture. In 1870, he invented an improved method for the manufactme of chlorine and hydrochloric acid that used copper chloride as a catalyst The Deacon process is named after him. 

Wacker process 1. A catalytic process used to oxidize aliphatic hydrocarbons such as ethylene to ethanol, aldehydes, and ketones using oxygen. The process uses an aqueous solution of mixed palladium and copper chlorides either in solution or on a support of activated carbon through which the ethylene is bubbled. The process was invented in 1957 and is named after the chemical company. 2. A process used for the production of sodium salicylate through the reaction of sodium phenate and carbon dioxide. 

To indicate the 2-1- charge for the copper ion Cu, we place the Roman numeral (II) immediately after copper when naming this compoun copper(II) chloride. 

The elements are obtainable in a state of very high purity but some of their physical properties are nonetheless variable because of their dependence on mechanical history. Their colours (Cu reddish, Ag white and Au yellow) and sheen are so characteristic that the names of the metals are used to describe them. Gold can also be obtained in red, blue and violet colloidal forms by the addition of vtirious reducing agents to very dilute aqueous solutions of gold(III) chloride. A remarkably stable example is the Purple of Cassius , obtained by using SnCla as reductant, which not only provides a sensitive test for Au but is also used to colour glass and ceramics. Colloidal silver and copper are also obtainable but are less stable. 

When aqueous solutions of aromatic and heteroaromatic diazonium salts are treated with cuprous chloride, -bromide, or -cyanide, the corresponding aromatic chlorides, bromides, or cyanides are formed, respectively. In many cases the anions mentioned must be present in excess. This reaction, the Sandmeyer reaction, was discovered by Sandmeyer in 1884. A variant carried out with copper powder and HBr or HC1 was for many years called the Gattermann reaction (Gattermann, 1890). As it is often confused with the Gattermann-Koch reaction (ArH + CO + HC1 ArCHO), and as it is mechanistically not significantly different from Sandmeyer s procedure, the name Gattermann reaction should be avoided. 

We return now to the mercuro-de-diazoniation. Nesmeyanov s school continued the work on metallo-de-diazoniations from 1929 to 1953 (see summary by Nesmeyanov, 1972). A major discovery was made at the very beginning, namely the influence of copper powder (Nesmeyanov, 1929 b Nesmeyanov and Kahn, 1929). With this addition metallic mercury was not required instead the double salt of the diazonium chloride and mercuric chloride was used. The copper reacts stoichiometrically as an electron donor. Therefore, either arylmercuric chlorides (Scheme 10-87) or diarylmercury compounds (Scheme 10-88) can be obtained. These reactions are called Nesmeyanov reactions. Specific examples are the syntheses of di-2-naphthyl-... 

Instead of copper one can use zinc, iron, stannous chloride, or cuprous chloride, the last-named two being oxidized to stannic and cupric chloride respectively. The reactions are carried out at low temperature ( — 10 to — 20°C) in acetone or ethyl acetate (Nesmeyanov et al., 1934 a). 

To avoid the necessity of memorizing a separate name for each ion, we can use the Stock system. In the Stock system, the charge of the cation appears as a Roman numeral immediately after the name of the element. Using the Stock system, we write Fe2+ as the iron(II) ion, and Cu+ as the copper(I) ion. Other than the necessity of indicating the charges, there are no differences between the naming of transition metal compounds and other compounds of the metals. So while KC1 is potassium chloride, CuCl is copper(I) chloride. 

Synonym Neatsfoot Oil Necatorina Nechexane Neutral Ahhonium Pluoride Neutral Anhydrous Calcium Hypochlorite Neutral Lead Acetate Neutral Nicotine Sulfate Neutral Potassium Chromate Neutral Sodium Chromatetanhydrous Neutral Verdigris Nickel Acetate Nickel Acetate Tetrahyorate Nickel Ammonium Sulfate Nickel Ammonium Sulfate Hexahydrate Nickel Bromide Nickel Bromide Trihydrate Nickel Carbonyl Nickel Chloride Nickel Chloride Nickel Cyanide Nickel Iiu Fluoborate Nickel Fluoroborate Solution Nickel Fluoroborate Nickel Formate Nickel Formate Dihyorate Nickel Nitrate Nickel Nitrate Hexahydrate Nickel Sulfate Nickel Tetracarbokyl Nickelous Acetate Nickelous Sulfate Nicotine Nicotine Sulfate Nifos Nitralin Nitram O-Nitraniline P-Nitraniline Nitric Acid Nitric Acid, Aluminum Salt Nitric Acid, Iron (111) Salt Compound Name Oil Neatsfoot Carbon Tetrachloride Neohexane Ammonium Fluoride Calcium Hypochlorite Lead Acetate Nicotine Sulfate Potassium Chromate Sodium Chromate Copper Acetate Nickel Acetate Nickel Acetate Nickel Ammonium Sulfate Nickel Ammonium Sulfate Nickel Bromide Nickel Bromide Nickel Carbonyl Nickel Chloride Nickel Chloride Nickel Cyanide Nickel Fluoroborate Nickel Fluoroborate Nickel Fluoroborate Nickel Formate Nickel Formate Nickel Nitrate Nickel Nitrate Nickel Sulfate Nickel Carbonyl Nickel Acetate Nickel Sulfate Nicotine Nicotine Sulfate Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate Nitralin Ammonium Nitrate 2-Nitroaniline 4-Nitroaniline Nitric Acid Aluminum Nitrate Ferric Nitrate... 

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