Copolymers Ethylene-vinyl cyclohexane

Other ethylene copolymers that have been studied include those with vinyl alcohol [64], acrylates [65] tetrafluoroethylene [66], 4-methyl pentene [67, 68], propylene - vinyl chloride [69], ethylene vinyl cyclohexane [70] and ethylene - vinyl acetate [71]. 

Zaikin and co-workers [88] used Py-GC to examine volatiles produced by pyrolysis of block and random ethylene-vinyl cyclohexane copolymers. Zaikin and co-workers... 

Styrene undergoes copolymerisation with ethylene and various a-olefins in the presence of heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Its reactivity in the copolymerisation is quite low, which is illustrated by the values of the relative reactivity ratios, r and r2, presented in Table 4.5 [118]. One may note, however, a considerably high relative reactivity of styrene in copolymerisation with vinyl-cyclohexane. The copolymerisation of styrene with small amounts of a-olefin, such as 1-octene or 1-decene, yields copolymers of reduced crystallinity and thus reduced brittleness compared with the homopolymer of styrene. 

Thermal copolymer studies include work on styrene-ethylene [34-36], styrene-vinyl cyclohexane [37] and propene-pentene [38]. 

The foUowing activity coefficients and interaction parameters determined by GLC for solute-statistical copolymers may be found in the literature (a) forty three non-polar and polar solutes on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with 29% weight of vinyl acetate at 150.6 and 160.5°C [105] chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, butyl alcohol, butyl chloride, cyclohexanol, cyclohexane, phenol, chlorobenzene and pentanone-2 on the same copolymer with 18% weight vinyl acetate at 135°0 [102], normal xdkanes (C5, Oj, Og, Ojo), oct-l-ene, chlorinated derivatives, n-butanol, toluene, benzene, methyl-propyl-ketone and n-butyl-cyclohexane on the copolymer mentioned with 40% weight vinyl acetate at 65, 75 and 85°0 [68, 106] (b) n-nonane, benzene, chloroform, methyl-ethyl-ketone and ethanol in methyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate copolymer with 10% butyl methacrylate [32] (c) hydrocarbons in styrene-alkyl methacrylates copolymers at 140°C [101] (d) the solutes in (b) on butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer with 34% weight acrylonitrile [68]. 

The partial molar quantities of mixing were determined for normal and branched alkanes (O5 — Cio), cyclohexane, benzene and tetrachloromethane in polyisobutylene [57]. Partial molar enthalpies of mixing were measured for normal alkenes in low and high density polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene-1, polystyrene, poly(methyl acrylate), poly(vinyl chloride), polyCN-isopropyl-acrylamide), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-carbon oxide copolymer [88] normal, branched and cyclic alkanes, benzene, n-butylbenzene, ois- and ra s-decalin, tetraline and naphthalene in polystyrene at 183, 193 and 203°C [60] these solutes in poly (methyl acrylate) [57] n-nonane, n-dodecane and benzene in polystyrene in the range 104.8 — 165.1 C [71] O7—C, C12 normal alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons in polystyrene at an average temperature of 204.9°C [72], C7—Cg normal alkanes in poly(ethylene oxide) at an average temperature of 66.5 "C [72] normal alkanes in ethylene oxide—propylene oxide block copolymers (Pluronics L 72, L 64 and F 68) at the same average temperature [72]. 

Some specific recent applications of the chromatography-mass spectrometry technique to various types of polymers include the following PE [130, 131], poly(l-octene), poly(l-decene), poly(l-dodecene) and 1-octene-l-decene-l-dodecene terpolymer [132], chlorinated polyethylene [133], polyolefins [134,135], acrylic acid, methacrylic acid copolymers [136, 137], polyacrylate [138], styrene-butadiene and other rubbers [139-141], nitrile rubber [142], natural rubbers [143,144], chlorinated natural rubber [145,146], polychloroprene [147], PVC [148-150], silicones [151,152], polycarbonates (PC) [153], styrene-isoprene copolymers [154], substituted PS [155], polypropylene carbonate [156], ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer [157], Nylon 6,6 [158], polyisopropenyl cyclohexane-a-methylstyrene copolymers [195], cresol-novolac epoxy resins [160], polymeric flame retardants [161], poly(4-N-alkylstyrenes) [162], pol)winyl pyrrolidone [31,163], vinyl pyrrolidone-methacryloxysilicone copolymers [164], polybutylcyanoacrylate [165], polysulfide copolymers [1669], poly(diethyl-2-methacryloxy) ethyl phosphate [167, 168], ethane-carbon monoxide copolymers [169], polyetherimide [170], and bisphenol-A [171]. 

Fig. 8a and b. Distribution of propylene units in propylene-vinyl cyclohexane copolymers (46). a) Data for the 973cm band, a-specially normalized values of - 973Mi38o s e (II). Calculations are for n = 4, ri r2 = 3.9. b) Comparison between the Agge/Ag 3 ratios (the parameters of the distribution of prt ylene units in long isotactic sequences) in propylene-vinyl cyclohexane copolymns a (O) and in ethylene-propylene copolymers ( )... 

The copolymer composition measurements were done by IR ( i38sMi4si. calibration with homopolymer mixtures) and chromoto-graphic methods (43). The monomea distribution was estimated by means of the 997 cm band method, as used for 4-methylpentene-l copolymers with ethylene (Section IV.A.6), hexene-1 (Section IV.E.4b), and styrene (Section IV.E.6). The ( 997/ 91 g)cop versus C4 pi dependence, measured from the IR spectra, satisfactorily correlate with Eq. (8) for T2 1 [see Fig. 4 in (43)]. The evaluation of vinyl cyclohexane unit distribution was also studied. 

Polybutylcyanoacrylates [63], polyacrylics [64], polybutadiene [65], flame retardant PE [66], PS [67-70], PS - divinyl benzene copolymer [71], PS - acrylonitrile copolymer [72], acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer [73, 74], styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer [75], polyvinyl-cyclohexane [76], polyphenylene triazine [77], poly-4-vinyl pyridine [78], polyethylene sulfide [79], PSF [80], brominated PES [81], tetrafluoroborate doped polythiophene [82], polysiloxane [56, 83], vinyl pyrrolidone-methacryloxy silicone copolymer [50], polyvinyl indene [84], poly-E-lactide [3, 85, 86], epoxy resins [87, 88], polyaryl ether ketone [89, 90], ethylene... 

Py-GC-MS has been used to characterise elastomers including natural rubber, butyl rubber, polychloroprene and acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer [91]. Other copolymers that have been investigated include 1-octene-l-decene-l-dodecane terpolymer [92], acrylic-acid methacrylic acid [39],styrene-butadiene[93-95],styrene-isoprene [54], ethylene-vinyl acetate [96], polyisopropenyl cyclohexane - -methyl styrene [57], vinyl pyrrolidine- methacryloxysilicone [97], ethylene-carbon monoxide [98], acrylic copolymers [99], 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidine - l-vinyl-3-methylimidoazolium chloride [100], acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene [101], acetone-furfural [102] and styrene-acrylonitrile [103]. 

---