Color Surface

Under mechanical and environmental stresses, composites are dimensionally stable. They maintain their shape and functionaHty, a critical requirement in such appHcations as dish antennas, constmction girders, and in appHance and business machines. Color and surface texture can often be molded into an FRP product for long lasting, low maintenance permanent surface appearance. Boats are a good example. The surface color is molded in and requires minimum maintenance, an advantage in saltwater environments. 

Basic dyestuffs are usually used for dyeing of unbleached pulp in mechanical pulp such as wrapping paper, kraft paper, box board, news, and other inexpensive packaging papers. Their strong and brilliant shades also make them suitable for calendar staining and surface coloring where lightfastness is not critical. 

Aufsichtsfarbet /. reflected color, surface color, aufsieden, 9.2. boil boil again boil out blanch (silver). — v.i. boil up. 

Schilf-glascrz, n. freieslebenite. -rohr, n. reed. Schiller, m. play of colors, iridescence surface color, metallic color, schiller. -farbe, /. changeable color schiller color, surface color, metallic color. 

All the analytical methods mentioned to separate, identify, and quantify chlorophylls and derivatives consume time, money, and samples. As alternatives, industries have been employing non-destructive methods for surface color measurements that are not only indirectly related to chlorophyll content, but may also estimate the pigments directly in tissues, leaving the sample intact and enabling serial analyses in a relatively short time. Eood color affects consumer acceptance and is an important criterion for quality control. Color vision is a complex phenomenon that depends on both the total content and number of pigments and also on absorption, reflectance and emission spectra of each compound present. 

As a soil develops, OM decomposes to produce humus, which is black. Additionally, release of iron from minerals by weathering yields various reds and yellows. Both mechanisms yield soil coloring agents. Under oxidizing conditions, where soil is not saturated with water, the iron will be oxidized and thus in the ferric state [Fe(III)]. When the iron and OM are deposited on the surfaces of sand, silt, clay, and peds, they develop a coat that gives them a surface color. However, soil color is not only a surface characteristic but extends through the soil matrix. Under oxidizing conditions, soil has a reddish color. The chroma of this color depends to some extent on the amount of and the particular iron oxide present. 

These dyes have affinity for one or, usually, more types of hydrophobic fibre and they are normally applied by exhaustion from fine aqueous dispersion. Although pure disperse dyes have extremely low solubility in cold water, such dyes nevertheless do dissolve to a limited extent in aqueous surfactant solutions at typical dyeing temperatures. The fibre is believed to sorb dye from this dilute aqueous solution phase, which is continuously replenished by rapid dissolution of particles from suspension. Alternatively, hydrophobic fibres can absorb disperse dyes from the vapour phase. This mechanism is the basis of many continuous dyeing and printing methods of application of these dyes. The requirements and limitations of disperse dyes on cellulose acetate, triacetate, polyester, nylon and other synthetic fibres will be discussed more fully in Chapter 3. Similar products have been employed in the surface coloration of certain thermoplastics, including cellulose acetate, poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene. 

P.R.17 provides medium reddish shades. As a result of poor fastness properties, its commercial significance is somewhat limited and it is sold only in small volume. P.R.17 has the advantage of being fast to acid, alkali, and soap. It is therefore used in offset, gravure, and flexo printing inks wherever tolerance to alkali and soap is a major concern. Moreover, P.R.17 is also employed in connection with mass coloration and surface coloration of paper. 

The paint industry employs P.R.22 in air drying systems, in emulsion paints, and occasionally in industrial finishes although there is some danger of blooming, and the appropriate limit has to be observed. Again, P.R.22 is much less lightfast in these media than P.R.l 12. Areas of application include paper mass and surface coloration, colored pencils, artists colors, and other purposes. 

P.R.188 is also employed in paper mass coloration, paper surface coloration, paper pulp, and paper spread-coating formulations, as well as in wallpaper and wax crayons. 

Fig. 10.2. HsIL) surface colored according to domain. (A) View along the six-fold axis, seen from the side opposite to the l-domains. (B) View along the six-fold axis, seen from the side of the l-domains. Every second subunit of the ring is colored according to domain (N-domain yellow, l-domain blue, C-domain orSSD-domain red), the other subunits are colored in green. The diagram is based on the trigonal...

Acid Dyestuffs. Because of poor affinity and good solubility, acid dyestuffs have poor blecdfastness and form colored backwater and arc therefore suitable for paper that does not require wetfastness. such as construction grades. Acid dyestuffs are most suitable for calendar staining or surface coloring because of their solubility and brightness of shade. 

Alternate Protocol Analysis of Fresh Meat Surface Color Using Colorimetry F3.3.5... 

ANALYSIS OF FRESH MEAT SURFACE COLOR USING COLORIMETRY... 

---