Ethylene-Olefin Copolymers

ATBN - amine terminated nitrile rubber X - Flory Huggins interaction parameter CPE - carboxylated polyethylene d - width at half height of the copolymer profile given by Kuhn statistical segment length DMAE - dimethyl amino ethanol r - interfacial tension reduction d - particle size reduction DSC - differential scanning calorimetry EMA - ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer ENR - epoxidized natural rubber EOR - ethylene olefin rubber EPDM - ethylene propylene diene monomer EPM - ethylene propylene monomer rubber EPR - ethylene propylene rubber EPR-g-SA - succinic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene rubber... 

In addition, borane-containing POs can be prepared by copolymerization of olefin with borane monomers or by hydroboration of polyolefins including unsaturated groups, such as olefin-divinylbenzene copolymer and olefin-diene copolymers. Many kinds of graft copolymers, such as poly-elhylene-gra/f-poly( vinyl alcohol), PE-g-PMMA, polypropylcnc-gra/f-poly-(maleicanhydride-co-styrene), polypropylene-gra/f-poly(methacrylic acid), polypropylene-gra/f-poly(vinyl alcohol), polypropylene-gra/f-polycaprolac-tone (PP-g-PCL), polypropylcnc-gra/f-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PP-g-PMMA), poly( ethylene-co-propylene)-gra/f-poly(methyl methacrylate) (EPR-g-PMMA), and poly(ethylene-co-propylene)-gra/f-poly(maleic anhydride-costyrene), have been synthesized by such a method resulting in controllable composition and molecular microstructures [63-66]. 

Preferred olefins in the polymerisation are one or more of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-pentene, 1-tetradecene, norbornene and cyclopentene, with ethylene, propylene and cyclopentene. Other monomers that may be used with these catalysts (when it is a Pd(II) complex) to form copolymers with olefins and selected cycloolefins are carbon monoxide (CO) and vinyl ketones of the general formula H2C=CHC(0)R. Carbon monoxide forms alternating copolymers with the various olefins and cycloolefins. 

As reported by Diehl et al. [58], interpolymers are also compatible with a broader range of polymers, including styrene block copolymers [59], poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-based polymers [60], poly(phenylene ethers) [61] and olefinic polymers such as ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and chlorinated polyethylene. Owing to their unique molecular structure, specific ESI have been demonstrated as effective blend compatibilizers for polystyrene-polyethylene blends [62,63]. The development of the miscibility/ compatibility behavior of ESI-ESI blends differing in styrene content will be highlighted below. 

HDPE exists as both a homopolymer and a copolymer with higher ethylene olefins. The latter offers properties which lie between low and high density, with typical densities of 0.945-0.950. Copolymers have found wide usage for extrusion blow, injection blow and injection moulding. They are, however, generally classified under HDPE. Virtually all high density polyethylenes contain an antioxidant. 

High density polyethylene (HOPE) Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) Syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) tram-1,4-Polyisoprene Syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) Cyclooleflns Ethylene-propylene copolymers Styrene-ethylene copolymers cw -1,4-polybutadiene rrarw -1,4-Poly isoprene Random ethylene-a-olefin copolymers Ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers (EPDM)... 

TREF is another chromatographic method used to separate ciystallizable copolymers according to their chemical composition [101], It is used for polymers and copolymers of olefins like ethylene-VAc. These polymers only dissolve at elevated temperatures. A heated solution of the sample is introduced into the column which is subsequently cooled down at a critical rate after the flow has been stopped. After cooling the column is heated up again at a controlled rate while the flow of the eluent is started again. The copolymer chains dissolve at specific temperatures that are directly linked to their crystallizability, which is characteristic of their chemical composition. 

Olean-12-en-30-oic acid, 3-P-hydroxy-11-oxo-, hydrogen succinate, disodium salt. See Disodium succinoyl glycyrrhetinate Olean-12-en-29-oic acid, 3-(1-oxooctadecyloxy)-11-OXO-, (3-P)-. See Glycyrrhetinyl stearate Olefiant gas. See Ethylene Olefin/acrylate copolymer CAS 67892-91-5... 

Pickton[73] reported impact modified nylon blends of poly(2-methyl pentamethylene terephthalamide) and an ionomer such as a partially neutralized copolymer of -olefin and, -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid as minor component. Melt blending of poly(2-methyl pentamethylene terephthalamide) and 1 wt% Du Pont Surlyn 8527 at 290 °C gave tensile modulus 68.4 g/d, tensile strength 7.4 g/d, and elongation at break 18.2%. 

The category of elastomers includes a wide range of products, such as natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer (SBS known as thermoplastic rubber), styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer (SIS), polyurethane rubber, polyether-polyester copolymer, olefinic copolymers, ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) and so on (see also Table 3.16). 

Many different block copolymers of olefins, like ethylene with propylene and ethylene with butene-1, are manufactured. Use of the anionic coordination catalysts enables variations in... 

Blends comprising polypropylene, 50-97 wt% PP [or a PP block copolymer with ethylene block], and 50-53 wt % of an ethylene/4-18C alpha-olefin copolymer [a-olefin content = 10-60 wt%, p < 913 kg m obtained by using a metallocene catalyst and aluminoxane] were found useful as automobile trims and trims of electrical instruments. They showed high moldability, improved impact resistance at room and low temperature, and balance of rigidity and impact resistance... 

Blends comprising polypropylene, 50-97 wt% PP [or a PP block copolymer with ethylene block], and 50-53 wt% of an ethylene/C ig alpha-olefin copolymer [a-olefin contenr = 10-60 wt%, p <... 

Thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) is a generic name that refers to polyolefin blends usually consisting of some fraction of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene block copolymer (PP-b-EP or BCPP ), and a thermoplastic olefinic rubber, with or without a mineral reinforcing filler such as talc or wollastonite. Common rubbers include ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), EPDM rubber, ethylene-octene (EO) copolymer mbber, ethylene-butadiene (EB), and styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS) block copolymer rubbers. Currently, there are a great variety of commercial polypropylene homopolymers, PP block copolymers, and olefinic rubbers available to make a wide range of TPO blends with densities ranging from 0.92 to 1.1. 

The synthesis of photodegradable copolymers of olefins with carbon monoxide and ketones are shown schematically below, when R = C0H5 the monomer is styrene, and R = H the monomer is ethylene (Scott, 1973 Cooney, 1981 Guillet, 1990). 

The new elastomers are particularly relevant to the automotive industry because they offer better properties - particularly heat, oil and fuel resistance - than the established materials such as natural and synthetic rubber and plasticized PVC. Among the most important types are PUR elastomers, PBT block copolymers, EPDM olefinic terpolymers and ethylene-acrylic elastomers. Typical applications are the traditional rubbery ones of gaskets, seals, gaiters and cable covers, but set in the aggressive underbonnet environment of today s performance vehicles. Beyond this, however, there are examples where these materials are sufficiently versatile to have been selected, sometimes with reinforcement, as engineering components in their own right. 

Modifications to the Ziegler-Natta catalyst system have led to the preparation of alternating copolymers from olefins, such as ethylene and propylene, and diolefins, such as butadiene and isoprene. In typical systems (Furukawa 1972, 1974a, b) the catalyst is prepared at very low temperatures (-70°C or below) from three components a... 

Until they are vulcanized, elastic, amorphous ethylene-olefinic copolymers have very little possible utility except as components of caulks or sealants. However, grafting MA on the copolymers, using peroxide initiators, and compounding the modified materials with zinc oxide provides improved rubbers. A typical recipe would consist of 100 parts ethylene-propylene copolymer, 20 parts zinc oxide, 7 parts MA, and 2 parts BPO. Curing is carried out at 160°C for 30-45 min. Previously grafted copolymers, containing 2-5 MA residues, can also be cured with N-phenyl-B-naphthylamine initiator, steric acid modifier, and zinc oxide crosslinker. 

FIG. 9 The composition dependence of the glass temperature of ethylene/a-olefin copolymers. Ethylene/1-ethylethy-lene copolymers A data of Privalko and Shmorgun [80] by DSC, heating rate 2 K/min V data of Graessley et al. [83] by PVT. Ethylene/1-butylethylene copolymers O data of Privalko, Shmorgun [80]. Ethylene/1-hexylethylene copolymers data of Suhm [81], by DSC, heating rate of 10 K/ min. 

Low density polyethylene with branched carbon backbone (LDPE) or linear carbon backbone (LLDPE) Random copolymer ethylene/a-olefins. 

This relationship was applied to analyze the crystallization data of six different sets of ethylene statistical copolymers [96]. In all cases, a linear relationship between logA// and logX was observed. Furthermore, the values of m determined for ethylene-olefin copolymers were found to be in the range of 6-13, in good agreement with the critical sequence length proposed by Randall and Ruff based on NMR data and modeling considerations [97]. 

Sequencing studies have also been conducted on the following olefin copolymers ethylene terephthalate [69-72], ethylene-a-olefin [73], ethylene-a-methylstyrene [74], ethylene-decene-1 [75], ethylene-butene [33], ethylene-propylene diene [76], miscellaneous ethylene copolymers [49] and ethylene-acrylonitrile [77]. 

---