Cooling water system equipment

Current environmental regulations necessitate that new concepts be used in the design of industrial cooling water systems. Equipment selection and component layout related to these regulations are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the power requirements needed for the system. The subject matter for this paper was developed from observations of rubber industry manufacturing operations. 

Cooling water system corrosion causes immediate and delayed problems. Difficulties spread from a failure like ripples from a pebble thrown into a pool. A single failure may force an unscheduled outage, redirect worker efforts, contaminate product, compromise safety, increase equipment expense, violate pollution regulations, and decrease productivity. 

Visual inspection techniques are stressed as the most important tools used to study failures. This text is not a substitute for rigorous failure analysis conducted by experts, but it will help the reader identify and eliminate many cooling water system problems. Still, on occasion, the experienced, skilled, failure analyst using sophisticated analytical techniques and specialized equipment may be required to solve complex or unusual problems. Common sense, appropriate experience, and systematic investigation are, however, often superior to the more elaborate, but less effective, techniques used by some. 

Equipment systems are available that will, periodically during the day or week, activate two pumps to add a prescribed volume of each of these two chemicals into a mixing tank. The tank contents are stirred, HOBr is produced, and the tank contents are then pumped to the cooling water system. Such systems can also incorporate bromine monitors and chart recorders, plus other dosing and control items. 

Apart from the primary components of a cooling water system, all ancillary equipment such as level controllers, bleed systems, dosing and control systems, low-level alarms, pH controllers, and on-site biocide generation systems should be regularly inspected, cleaned, calibrated, and maintained in good working order. 

This failure to provide dosing pumps is not good practice, as under almost every circumstance untreated cooling water systems will suffer from diminishing levels of efficiency, higher than necessary operating and maintenance costs, and shorter equipment life spans. 

Equipment able to regulate and deliver gaseous chlorine through an ejector into potable or cooling water systems, for disinfection purposes. 

Good water treatment practice at site should not be the sole prerogative or responsibility of any one person, rather, it requires the active participation, support, and communication of the service company and the owners and users of cooling water systems and other equipment, if success is to be attained and maintained. 

Storage facilities Tanks, pressure vessels Steam systems Cooling water systems Offsites Special costs Used equipment credit Contingencies Total... 

Cooling water systems. An investment cost of 58 per gpm of total water circulation is recommended for preliminary estimates. This represents the total installed costs for a conventional induced-draft cooling tower, water pumps, water-treating equipment, and water piping. Special costs for water supply and blowdown disposal are not included. 

Chloride ion concentration in a closed cooling water system may be concentrated as much as seven times and it can contribute to corrosion of stainless steel equipment. Brazos River water contains as much as 200 ppm during dry periods. Thus, it is doubtful that the increased chloride (7 ppm) would cause measurable additional corrosion in any case. 

The WSAC combines within one piece of equipment the functions of cooling tower, circulated cooling water system, and water-cooled HX. In the basic WSAC configuration (Fig. 12-8A ), ambient air is drawn in and... 

The layout of the various sewer systems can begin with a careful indication of all the major equipment foundations, the locations of which are taken from the plot plan. Care should be exercised to indicate all pipe rack columns, lighting poles and all minor footings, which, if not shown, may result in interferences with the sewers. Underground cooling-water systems should be integrated into the sewer system layout as an additional system as it would be impossible to avoid interferences. The same can be said of any underground electrical utilities they must be also indicated on the sewer layout to avoid any interferences. 

Loss of electric power. This is another failure that frequently sets the column relief requirements. A common practice (9) is to study the installation to determine the effect of power failures and to set the required relief capacity for the worst condition that can occur. All electrically driven equipment, such as pumps, compressors, and fans (including those in the site cooling water system or steam supply system), may fail, and so will electronic controllers and computer control equipment. 

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