Control stationary sources

The heterogeneous catalysts have a profound impact on the chemical industry in general for example 60% of all chemical processes, 75% of oil refining processes, nearly 100% of polymers and about one hundred petrochemicals depend on the action of catalysts, as well as a significant part of environmental technologies (VOCs, automotive emissions control, stationary sources, etc.) and fine chemical production. Actually, the worldwide catalysts market is worth about 10 billion USD, (i.e. 10 x 109 USD) a year and, according to some... 

Environmental Protection Agency, Prevention of Significant Deterioration and Title V Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule, 74 Fed. Reg. 55,292 (2009) EPA Begins to Phase in Requirements to Control Stationary Source Emissions, 41 BNA Env. Rept. 727 (2010). 

Air Quality Criteria forTead Supplement to the 1986 Addendum, U.S. EPA, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Washington, D.C., 1990. Technical Support Document to Proposed Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Emissions of Toxic Metalsfrom Non-Ferrous Metal Melting, State of California Air Resources Board, Stationary Source Division, Sacramento, Calif., 1992. 

Hazardous Air Pollutants. Tide 3 of the CAAA of 1990 addresses the release of hazardous air poUutants (HAPs) by requiring both the identification of major stationary sources and area source categories for 189 toxic chemicals and the promulgation of control standards. Major sources of air toxics, also referred to as HAPs, include any stationary source or group of sources emitting 10 or more tons/yr of any single Hsted toxic chemical or 25 tons/yr of a combination of any Hsted toxic. Area sources of HAPs include smaller plants that emit less than the 10 or 20 tons/yr thresholds. The major sources of HAPs are typically industrial faciHties. However, Tide 3 requites the EPA to study potential health affects associated with emissions of HAPs from electric UtiHty boilers (11). 

Sources Subject to Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) Sources subject to PSD regulations (40 CFR, Sec. 52.21, Aug. 7, 1980) are major stationary sources and major modifications located in attainment areas and unclassified areas. A major stationaiy source was defined as any source hsted in Table 25-4 with the potential to emit 100 tons per year or more of any pollutant regulated under the Clean Air Act (CAA) or any other source with the potential to emit 250 tons per year or more of any CAA pollutant. The potential to emit is defined as the maximum capacity to emit the pollutant under apphcable emission standards and permit conditions (after apphcation of any air pollution control equipment) excluding secondaiy emissions. A major modification is defined as any physical or operational change of a major stationaiy source producing a significant net emissions increase of any CAA pollutant (see Table 25-5). 

In addition to using annuahzed cost comparisons in evaluating an air-poUution-control (APC) equipment installation, the impact of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) and resulting regulations also must be included in the evaluation. The CAAA prescribes specific pollution-control requirements for particular industries and locations. As an example, the CAAA requires that any major stationary source or... 

EPA is required to identify alternative control technologies for all categories of stationary sources of VOC or NOj that have the potential to emit 25 tons per year or more of either pollutant. 

Although there are other reasons for continued high levels of ozone pollution, such as growth in the number of stationary sources of hydrocarbons and continued growth in automobile travel, the remaining sources of hydrocarbons are the most difficult to control. These are the small sources, those that emit less than 100 tons of hydrocarbons per year. These sources, such as auto shops and dry cleaners, may individually emit less than 10 tons per year but collectively emit many hundreds of tons of pollution. 

Control of stationary sources of air pollution requires the application of either the control concepts mentioned in Chapter 28 of the control devices mentioned in Chapter 29. In some cases, more than one system or device must be used to achieve satisfactory control. The three general methods of control are (1) process change to a less polluting process or to a lowered emission from the existing process through modification of the operation,... 

Existing stationary sources may require modification of existing systems or installation of newer, more efficient control devices to meet more restrictive emission standards. Such changes are often required by control agencies when it can be shown that a new control technology is superior to older... 

Boubel, R. W., "Control of Particulate Emissions from Wood-Fired Boilers," Stationary Source Enforcement Series, EPA 340/1-77-026. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1977. 

The buyers of motor vehicles have been substantially positive concerning the need to have cleaner running vehicles. Although the required emission control devices and other mandated safety equipment have increased the cost of new motor vehicles, sales have not been significantly effected. The current environmental awareness and concern are evidence of the general population s new found knowledge and acceptance of both mobile and stationary source emission controls. 

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