Contamination of sediments

Wong CSC, Wu SC, Duzgoren-Aydin NS, Aydin A, Wong MH (2007) Trace metal contamination of sediments in an e-waste processing village in China. Environ Pollut 145 (2) 434-442. doi 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.05.017... 

Skei, J.H. 1978. Serious mercury contamination of sediments in a Norwegian semi-enclosed bay. Mar. Pollut. Bill. 9 191-193. 

The presence of organic compounds in river and oceanic sediments is due, in part, to manmade pollution and monitoring the levels of these substances in the sediment and sediment cores provides an indication of the time dependence of their concentration over large time spans. Contamination of sediments is found not only in rivers but also in estuarine and oceanic sediments and thus sediment analysis provides a means of tracking organic from their source through the ecosystem. 

Helmke, P.A., Koons, R.D., Schomberg, P.J. and Iskandar, I.K. (1977) Determination of trace element contamination of sediments by multielement analysis of clay-size fraction. Environmental Science and Technology, 11(10), 984-89. 

Zhu et al. (2004) reported the concentrations of 10 PAHs in four bodies of water in Hangzhou, China (July and November 1999 2002). The maximum levels of PAHs in the water bodies (34.4-67.7 pgl-1) were found in July, while significantly lower PAH concentrations (4.7-15.3 pgl-1) were measured in November. The measured PAH concentrations in sediments and soils, runoff water, and air particles were 224-4222 ngg-1, 8.3 pgl-1 and 2.3 pgm-3, respectively. Clearly, such substantial contamination may lead to acute toxic effects on aquatic organisms. However, the erosion of soil material does not contribute significantly to the contamination of sediments. The atmospheric PAH deposition to water bodies in the city area of Hangzhou was estimated to be 530tons/a, while the contribution of surface runoff water was... 

Krone, C.A., Stein, J.E., Varanasi, U., 1995. Butyltin contamination of sediments and benthic fish from the east, gulf and pacific coasts of the United States. Environ. Monit. Asses. 40, 75-89. 

The migration of chemical waste containing CDDs from disposal sites has also resulted in environmental contamination of sediment. For example, at Love Canal in Niagara Falls, New York, where an estimated 200 tons of 2,4,5-TCP production waste were disposed of during the 1940s and early 1950s,... 

M. Welt, H. W. Mielke, C. Gonzales, K. M. Batist, G. Corey, L. H. Cresswell 3rd, P. W. Mielke, Metal contamination of sediments and soils of Bayou Saint John a potential health impact to local fishermen , Environ. Geochem. Health, 25 (2003), 387-396. 

Nichols SJ, Manny BA, Schloesser DW, et al. 1991. Heavy metal contamination of sediments in the upper connecting channels of the Great Lakes. Hydrobiologia 219 307-316. 

Fluorescence and GC/MS analyses show Chat carbonized coal hydrocarbons are widespread contaminants of sediments In the Elizabeth River, Norfolk, Va. The highest levels are found In the vicinity of suspected sources and generally decrease with Increased distance from these sources. Parent aromatic compounds are the predominant hydrocarbon component of carbonized coal and can be uniquely detected even In the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons. Carbonized coal products are a chronic source of priority pollutant polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the Elizabeth River. 

With respect to the described results a significant contamination of sediment samples of the Teltow Canal, Berlin (Germany) with DDT and related compounds was pointed out for a longer time period. Considering the sedimentation rate and y-spectrometric dating formerly applied to a comparable sediment core (unpublished results, M. Ricking) a geochronological description of the DDT related emissions into the sediments of Teltow Canal is enabled. 

Wackett, 1991), and mineral sulfides (Kriegman-King and Reinhard, 1991 and 1992 Yu and Bailey, 1992) and various chemical reducing agents (Castro and Kray, 1963 Kray and Castro, 1964). The impetus to understand the reaction pathways of halo-genated chemicals in these types of systems results from their widespread contamination of sediments, soils, and groundwaters due to their frequent use as agrochemicals, solvents, and synthetic intermediates. 

Reports that reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may occur naturally in lake and river sediments has spurred efforts to develop remediation techniques for contaminated sediments. Widespread contamination of sediments has occurred because of the intensive uses of these chemicals as heat transfer fluids, hydraulic fluids, and flame retardants due to their excellent stability properties (Hutzinger et al., 1974). PCBs are a complex mixture of chlorinated biphenyls. Theoretically, there are 209 possible PCB congeners because of steric hindrance. 

Leal-Acosta ML, ShumiUn E, Mirlean N, Sapozhnikov D, Gordeev V (2010) Arsenic and mercury contamination of sediments of geothermal springs, mangrove lagoon and the Santispac Bight, Bahfa Concepcion, Baja CaUfomia peninsula. BuU Environ Contam Toxicol 85 609-613... 

The contamination of sediments may pose an unacceptable risk to aquatic organisms, which tend to bioaccumulate chlorinated and brominated POPs, and to wildlife and humans through the ingestion of contaminated fish and shellfish. During the last foiu decades a large amount of environmental data... 

Cassiani, G., Kemna, A., VUla, A., Zimmermann, E., 2009. Spectral induced polarization for the characterization of free-phase hydrocarbon contamination of sediments with low clay content. Near Surf. Geophys. 7, 547-562. 

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