Geothermal springs

Inskeep, W.P., Macur, R.E., Harrison, G. et al. (2004) Biomineralization of As(V)-hydrous ferric oxyhydroxide in microbial mats of an acid-sulfate-chloride geothermal spring, Yellowstone National Park. Geochimica et Cos-mochimica Acta, 68(15), 3141-55. 

Fanning K.A., Byrne R.H., Breland II, J.A. and Betzer P.R. (1981) Geothermal springs of the west Florida continental shelf Evidence for dolomitization and radionuclide enrichment. Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett. 52, 345-354. 

Those anomalies that are shown in Figure 13, but are not evident in Figure 14, are related to near surface variations in soil type and/or the accumulation of evaporite deposits. The isolated anomaly highlighted on Figure 14, is probably related to one of several geothermal springs. 

Leal-Acosta ML, ShumiUn E, Mirlean N, Sapozhnikov D, Gordeev V (2010) Arsenic and mercury contamination of sediments of geothermal springs, mangrove lagoon and the Santispac Bight, Bahfa Concepcion, Baja CaUfomia peninsula. BuU Environ Contam Toxicol 85 609-613... 

With regard to brines, those of North America come mainly from geothermal springs and oil fields, whereas those of China are from salt lakes. Globally, brine resources are highly concentrated in areas which are far from typical consumption centers, with the exception of certain sites in the US and Canada. Mineral resources from rocks are distributed much more evenly across the planet, with sources available on all the continents. However, in view of the difference in cost of production of this resource in comparison to salt lake brine, very few mining sites in Canada, Australia and China are currently producing. 

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