Consumer readiness

The CMP consumable industry must develop the infrastructure to respond to the challenge of the 2 year consumables development cycle. Because each new CMP application is likely to bring with it new and unique challenges, slurry, pad, and cleaning chemistries will need to be tailored to best suit the need of the new application. The vendor who can reliably have consumables ready in time will win the business. But to be nimble enough to develop the consumable on the 2 year cycle, the industry must increase its fundamental understanding of how the... 

Separation/refining/final blending - the final steps required to make this product consumer ready can either be done on-site or by a third party, depending on the system design. 

Yield grades indicate the quantity of meat—the amount of retail, consumer-ready, ready-to-cook, or edible meat that a carcass contains. Yield grade is not to be confused with dressing percent. Dressing percent refers to the amount of carcass from a live animal, whereas yield grade refers to the amount of edible product from the carcass. 

Com is used directly and ingredients produced from com are widely used for food in Asia, Africa, North and South America, and parts of the former USSR. Much of the com consumed in the United States is in the form of ready-to-eat cereal. 

Food processing firms producing heat-preserved, frozen, dehydrated, or chemically preserved foods may be classified by their finished products. Companies may be further grouped based on whether they process raw materials into ingredients, such as in poultry and meat processing plants, or whether they take these ingredients and convert them to ready-to-eat consumer products. 

AH discussion of the post-1965 era must begin with the Restatement (Second) of Torts, Section 402A. The person responsible for this section was Dean William Prosser, who became the reporter for American Law Institute s Restatement (Second) of Torts at a time when change was on the horizon in the field of products HabiUty. His initiative in drafting Section 402A provided the courts with a ready-made formulation for the adoption of strict tort HabiUty. Entitled "Special Liabihty of Seller of Product for Physical Harm to the User or Consumer," Section 402A reads as follows ... 

However, the American consumer now seems ready to accept some reduction in cosmetic standards, provided pesticide use is diminished (47). Their concern about pesticide use is confirmed by the growing popularity of organic food stores and supermarkets that guarantee pesticide-free produce (48). Also, the "Big Green" initiative in California, although it didn t pass, signals that consumers are alarmed about pesticide use and are willing to take political action to make their views known. 

Now, the general formulation of the problem is finished and ready to be applied to real systems without relying on any local coordinates. The next problems to be solved for practical applications are (1) how to find the instanton trajectory qo( t) efficiently in multidimensional space and (2) how to incorporate high level of accurate ab initio quantum chemical calculations that are very time consuming. These problems are discussed in the following Section III. A. 2. 

Tea can be consumed directly either by brewing loose leaves or tea bags or in a ready-to-drink form. In addition, extracts of tea (primarily green tea) may be prepared in a variety of physical forms in order to cover most application requirements. 

The dramatic shift in consumer understanding and readiness to accept functional foods for health care means that clinically efficacious rice bran products can be introduced to the functional food market. Efficient marketing strategies through healthcare professionals need to be developed if rice bran products are to reach their target population. 

Often the need or desire can be satisfied by a substance that is presently on the market, but it is projected that a new product will either do a betteijob, cost less, or require less time and effort. The toothpastes produced before 1960 did a respectable job of cleaning teeth, but the addition of fluoride made them better cavity preventa-tives, and those toothpastes that added fluorides became the best sellers. Orange juice could be shipped in its natural form to northern markets, but frozen concentrated orange juice occupies one-fourth the volume and costs less to the consumer. TV dinners and ready-to-eat breakfast cereals cost more than the same foods in their natural state, but they reduce the time spent in the kitchen. All of these items resulted from research followed by design. 

Osmotic dehydration, both at atmospheric pressure or preceded by the application of subatmospheric pressure for a short time, has been proposed in the production of minimally processed fruits and vegetables, which are convenient, ready-to-eat, high-moisture but ambient stable foods. The consumer prefers minimally processed foods, as these foods have appealing fresh-like characteristics and thus superior sensory quality. However, at the same time, these foods must be microbiologically safe and stable. These somewhat conflicting goals are achievable by the application of... 

A major focus of the project has been development of a process to make cowpea meal or flour that could be implemented at the village level. The meal would be a ready-to-use convenience product to which the consumer could simply add water and then proceed to the final steps of preparation. The time-consuming and labor-intensive steps of soaking, decorticating, and grinding would be eliminated. 

Chemical-based products cover a broad spectrum of materials and forms, ranging from molecules to appliances. Table 16.1-1 shows the various product functional forms, along with examples in major application areas. Examples highlighted in italic are those discussed in this book. Most small molecules such as BTX (benzene-toluene-xyxlene) are sold to chemical and allied products industries while a limited number such as refrigerants and solvents are for sale in the consumer market. In contrast, multicomponent liquid mixtures such as liquid shampoo, semi-solids such as cream and paste, and structured solids such as controlled release herbicide are often sold directly to the consumers. Business-to-consumer sale is even more prevalent for ready-to-use devices and appliances such as diagnostic kits, drinking water filters and air cleaners. 

Support and maintenance. Facilities must be available for the proper storage and maintenance of respiratory equipment. Regular cleansing and sanitation is essential. It is preferable that each employee be assigned his/her own respirator, but, failing that, the user must be satisfied that the respirator is in fact clean and sanitary. All equipment, with the exception of consumable dust filters, which should be replaced after use, must be kept clean and ready for use. Over a period of time, a piece of equipment will deteriorate even when not used. Consequently, regular inspection must be conducted damaged or deteriorated equipment must be identified and replaced when necessary. It is also necessary to ensure a supply of consumables such as replaceable filters as well as equipment components. 

The further development of chemicals and capillaries, coatings and consumables, and ready-to-use generic methods... 

But such absolutely safe situations are not of much interest. While the use of some chemicals can be banned, it is not realistic to expect this approach to be applicable to all industrial chemicals, consumer products, or to the polluting by-products of industrial society. If the goal of absolute safety (zero risk) from these products is desired, then such wholesale banning would be necessary. We do not appear ready to turn back the calendar 200 years. 

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