Action political

Readiness to serve on the part of those concerned and the multidisciplinary composition of the research group offer the best guarantee for objective results and recommendations for action. Political pressure, which is present as a matter of course in the majority of TA studies, accounts for the circumstance that results of the study are always exposed to criticism and attacks in areas of controversy, such as the economy, the state, and society. 

New subsidies often outlive the public policy purpose that they were intended to address. The better-designed subsidies contain sunset provisions that require explicit action to reauthorize them after a certain time. Subsidy and externality policies arc often interrelated. It may be politically difficult to tax an energy source with high external costs, but much easier to subsidize a competing energy source with low external costs. Such second best solutions arc often implemented when political considerations block the preferred option. 

However, the American consumer now seems ready to accept some reduction in cosmetic standards, provided pesticide use is diminished (47). Their concern about pesticide use is confirmed by the growing popularity of organic food stores and supermarkets that guarantee pesticide-free produce (48). Also, the "Big Green" initiative in California, although it didn t pass, signals that consumers are alarmed about pesticide use and are willing to take political action to make their views known. 

For example, if ever we want to understand whether global warming to a substantial degree is, or is not, caused by human activities, then we should first of all know and understand the performance of our models and the accuracy of data we put into these models. If ever we want to know whether all efforts to improve the quality of the sea for biota are effective, then we need to know the accuracy and uncertainty of all our data. If we do not want to take Quality Assurance into account, we will never be able to lay the solid scientific foundations for our research, political and legal actions etc. In other words we will remain only believers. 

Countermeasures An action taken or a physical capability provided whose principal purpose is to reduce or eliminate one or more vulnerabilities. The countermeasure may also affect the threat(s) (intent and/or capability) as well as the asset s value. The cost of a countermeasure may be monetary, but may also include nonmonetary costs such as reduced operational effectiveness, adverse publicity, unfavorable working conditions, and political consequences. 

So the industry has completed 5 years of life under TSCA. We are still in business. But we have changed. Some of the changes come from responding to the law. Some of our responses are to the "spirit of TSCA" — the public demands for responsive action that created the political atmosphere in which TSCA was originally conceived. From the EPA, we have seen several false starts in getting their act together. 

This shift requires considerable education and training of the workforce and, in combination with possible mass production by 2020, necessitates early political action because of the required gradual build-up of manufacturing capacity and skilled labour. Further research work is necessary to analyse today s weak and strong aspects of the education system in European countries and to develop an action plan for adaptation to the new requirements. This analysis should take into account the demographics of the European nations, which is an important factor. Will Europe be able to find the necessary skilled labour such as engineers and technicians or will they import skilled labour from countries like China and India ... 

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