METAL DERIVATIVES

The chlorides CP2MCI (M = Er or Y) form germyl and stannyl derivatives with PhgM Li (M =Ge or Sn), while (Me3SiCH2)3Er is formed as pink crystals which are stable below — 30 The nickel(ii) alkyl complex 2,2 -bipyNi- 

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Metal derivatives of terminal alkynes, RC2H. Transition metals form complex acetylides (e.g. (M(C = CR) ]- ) often containing the metal in low oxidation states. 

Ziegler catalysts Complex catalysts prepared by interaction between an organometallic derivative and a transition metal derivative. A typical catalyst is the product of the interaction of TiCU and AIBU3. These catalysts polymerize olefins, particularly ethylene, to polyolefins, the polymerization generally being in a siereoregular manner. 

Metallic Derivatives, (a) Cuprous Acetylide. CujCg. Prepare an ammoniacal solution of cuprous chloride by first adding dilute ammonia to 2-3 ml. of dilute copper sulphate solution until the initial precipitate just redissolves and a clear deep-blue solution is obtained now add an aqueous solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride drop by drop with shaking until the solution becomes first green and then completely colourless, the cupric salt being thus reduced to the cuprous derivative. 

Note, (i) Care should be taken to distinguish between a residue of carbon which may be very difficult to bum off completely, and a really non-volatile residue due to the presence of a metallic derivative. Thus for instance starch leaves a hard black residue of carbon which can best be burned away by moistening with a saturated solution of ammonium nitrate and then reheating. 

Acetylenic Grignard compounds or the corresponding organoalkali metal derivatives are important intermediates in many syntheses of acetylenic compounds. The various methods for their formation in organic solvents and in liquid ammonia have been discussed extensively and we here give only a brief summary. 

Chemical Properties. Higher a-olefins are exceedingly reactive because their double bond provides the reactive site for catalytic activation as well as numerous radical and ionic reactions. These olefins also participate in additional reactions, such as oxidations, hydrogenation, double-bond isomerization, complex formation with transition-metal derivatives, polymerization, and copolymerization with other olefins in the presence of Ziegler-Natta, metallocene, and cationic catalysts. All olefins readily form peroxides by exposure to air. 

Phosphorus compounds exhibit an enormous variety of chemical and physical properties as a result of the wide range ia the oxidation states and coordination numbers for the phosphoms atom. The most commonly encountered phosphoms compounds are the oxide, haUde, sulfide, hydride, nitrogen, metal, and organic derivatives, all of which are of iadustrial importance. The hahde, hydride, and metal derivatives, and to a lesser extent the oxides and sulfides, are reactive iatermediates for forming phosphoms bonds with other elements. Phosphoms-containing compounds represented about 6—7% of the compound hstiugs ia Chemical Abstracts as of 1993 (1). 

Metals and Metal Derivatives, Silane reacts with alkah metals dissolved in various solvents, forming as the chief product the silyl derivative of the metal, potassium being the most commonly studied, eg, KSiH [13812-63-OJ (27—30). When 1,2-dimethoxyethane or bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether are used as solvents, two competing reactions occur, where M is an alkah metal. 

Sodium [7440-23-5] Na, an alkali metal, is the second element of Group 1 (lA) of the Periodic Table, atomic wt 22.9898. The chemical symbol is derived from the Latin natrium. Commercial iaterest ia the metal derives from its high chemical reactivity, low melting poiat, high boiling poiat, good thermal and electrical conductivity, and high value ia use. 

Metalation. Benzene reacts with alkaH metal derivatives such as methyl or ethyUithium ia hydrocarbon solvents to produce phenyUithium [591 -51 -5], CgH Li, and methane or ethane. Chloro-, bromo-, or iodobenzene will react with magnesium metal ia ethereal solvents to produce phenyHnagnesium chloride [100-59-4], C H MgCl, bromide, oriodide (Grignard reagents) (32). 

Mcc. Chem. Res. 25, 98—175 (Mar. 1992). A special issue on fuUerenes, small three-dimensional carbon cages such as C q, although many other C are now known as weU, including their metal derivatives. 

The monomer, CPD, obtained via cracking of the dimer, DCPD, and the dimer both have extensive uses. Cyclopentadiene is probably the most widely studied conjugated, cycHc diolefin system. Eleven review articles dealing with the chemistry of cyclopentadiene have been pubHshed (1—11). An article dealing specifically with European uses of DCPD has also been pubHshed (12). The discovery ia 1951 of stable metal derivatives has given additional impetus to the study of the chemistry of cyclopentadiene. Eive review articles have been pubHshed on this subject (13—17). 

Benzimidazole, 2-alkoxy-l-methyl-transalkylation, 5, 443 Benzimidazole, 1-alkyl-metal derivatives, 5, 448 reactions... 

Sulfides orthio derivatives Metallic derivatives of thio ethers and disulfides, usually mixed with organic phosphite esters long-chain alkyl thienyl ketones Lubricating oils boiler water... 

A,V,V-trifliioroalkylamidines N-halogen compounds N-metal derivatives Nitroalkanes, c-nitro, and polynitroaryl compounds... 

N-Metal Derivatives N-Nitroso Compounds N-Nitro Compounds Azo Compounds Arenediazoates Arenediazo aryl sulphides Bis-arenediazo oxides Bis-arenediazo sulphides Trizazenes (R=H, -CN, -OH, -NO)... 

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