Constipation causes

Constipation, caused by a decrease in intestinal motility, may occur in tiiose taking one of tiiese drag s on a regular basis. Drowsiness may occur widi die use of diese dm, but at times tins adverse reaction is desirable Fbr example when atropine is used preoperatively to reduce die production of secretions in die respiratory tract, drowsiness is part of die desired response... 

MANAGING CONSTIPATION. Constipation caused by decreased gastric motility can be a problem widi cholinergic dm. The nurse urges the patient to increase fluid intake up to 2000 mL daily (if healdi conditions permit), eat a diet high in fiber, and obtain adequate exercise The primary healdi care provider may prescribe a stool softener, if necessary, to prevent constipation. 

Since food has a buffering effect, antacids are taken between meals (e.g., 1 and 3 h after meals and at bedtime). Nonabsorbable antacids are preferred. Because Mg(OH)2 produces a laxative effect (cause osmotic action, p. 170, release of cholecystokinin by Mg, or both) and Al(OH)3 produces constipation (cause astringent action of AP, p. 178), these two antacids are frequently used in combination. 

Fan Xie Ye is sweet, bitter and cold, and enters the Large Intestine meridian. It has a moistening nature and is able to moisten dryness in the intestines, clear heat and promote bowel movement. Its function of moving the bowels is stronger than that of Da Huang. If a small dosage of Fan Xie Ye is applied, it can also promote digestion and is used for constipation caused by improper diet. 

He Shou Wu and Dang Gui are able to tonify the blood and can moisten the intestines. They are particularly suitable for use in the formula to treat constipation caused by blood deficiency. 

Gastrointestinal Does the patient have nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation caused by a medication or neurological disease state ... 

Veins in these cushions fill with blood when sphincters inside them relax and empty when the sphincters contract. Any obstruction, such as constipation, may cause congestion and result in hypertrophy. Persistent straining, usually due to constipation, causes the cushions to prolapse and become enlarged. These prolapsed pads are haemorrhoids. 

This and other nonabsorbable sugars such as sorbitol and mannitol are hydrolyzed in the colon to short-chain fatty acids, which stimulate colonic propulsive motility by osmotically drawing water into the lumen. Sorbitol and lactulose are equally efficacious in the treatment of constipation caused by opioids and vincristine, of constipation in the elderly, and of idiopathic chronic constipation. They are available as 70% solutions, which are given in doses of 15 to 30 mL at night, with increases as needed up to 60 mL per day in divided doses. Effects may not be seen for 24 to 48 hours rafter dosing is begun. Abdominal discomfort or distention and flatulence are relatively common in the first few days of treatment but usually subside with continued administration. A few patients dislike the sweet taste of the preparations dilution with water or administering the preparation with fruit juice can mask the taste. 

Omeprazole (Prilosec) Inhibits H+/K+ ATPase (proton pump) of parietal cell. Thus, reduces acid secretion. Reflux esophagitis, hypersecretory states. Few side effects. Constipation. Causes gastric carcinoid tumors in rats after prolonged use. 

D. Constipation caused by orally administered calcium salts. 

Symptoms and indications Deficiency of essence and blood, dizziness and blurred vision, tinnitus and deafiiess, premature graying, hair loss after recovering from an illness, constipation caused by intestinal dryness... 

Cortex Dictamnus dasycarpus (bai xian pi) and Radix Sophora flavescens (ku shen), is commonly used to treat hematochezia, anal bulge, and constipation caused by hemorrhoids. The State Food and Drug Administration of China (SFDA) has received several reports of adverse reactions to Zhi xue capsule in recent years [7, 8 ]. Up to September 2008, 35 cases of adverse reactions associated with Zhi xue capsule had been reported, of which 21 were associated with abnormal liver function, cholestatic hepatitis, and drug-induced liver damage. After withdrawal and symptomatic treatment, there was full recovery in eight cases, and the rest improved markedly. 

Morphine and its salts are very valuable analgesic drugs but are highly addictive. In addition to suppression of pain, morphine causes constipation, decreases pupillary size and depresses respiration. Only the (-l-)-stereoisoraer is biologically active. They appear to produce their effects on the brain by activating neuronal mechanisms normally activated by... 

Balantidiasis in humans is manifest by chronic episodes of intermittent diarrhea and constipation, symptoms similar to those of amebiasis. The patient may also have abdominal pain, tenderness over the colon, anorexia, nausea, severe weight loss, and weakness. The disease may be fatal and, before the avakabihty of a treatment, was the cause of death in approximately 30% of infected individuals. 

Verapamil (Table 1), the first slow channel calcium blocker synthesized to selectively inhibit the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into cells, lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients having good organ perfusion particularly with increased renal blood flow. Sustained-release verapamil for once a day dosing is available for the treatment of hypertension. Constipation is a prominent side effect. Headache, dizziness, and edema are frequent and verapamil can sometimes cause AV conduction disturbances and AV block. Verapamil should not be used in combination with -adrenoceptor blockers because of the synergistic negative effects on heart rate and contractile force. 

All drugp cause adverse reactions (side effects). Examples of some of die more common adverse reactions are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, skin rash, dizziness, drowsiness, and dry mouth. Some may be mild and disappear witii time or when die primary healdi care provider adjusts die dosage. In some instances, mild reactions, such as dry mouth, may have to be tolerated. Some... 

B. Take a daily laxative because die drug will likely cause constipation. 

The most common adverse reaction associated with phenobarbital is sedation, which can range from mild sleepiness or drowsiness to somnolence. These dru > may also cause nausea, vomiting, constipation, bradycardia, hypoventilation, skin rash, headache fever, and diarrhea Agitation, rather than sedation, may occur in some patients. Some of these adverse effects may be reduced or eliminated as therapy continues. Occasionally, a slight dosage reduction, without reducing the ability of the drug to control the seizures, will reduce or eliminate some of these adverse reactions. 

As with the barbiturates, the most common adverse reaction seen with the use of clonazepam (Klonopin), clorazepate (Tranxene), and diazepam (Valium) is sedation in varying degrees. Additional adverse effects may include anorexia, constipation, or diarrhea. Some adverse reactions are dose dependent, whereas others may diminish in intensity or cause few problems after several weeks of therapy. 

Some patients with parkinsonism communicate poorly and do not tell the primary health care provider or nurse that problems are occurring. The nurse observes the patient with parkinsonism for outward changes that may indicate one or more adverse reactions. For example a sudden change in the facial expression or changes in posture may indicate abdominal pain or discomfort, which may be caused by urinary retention, paralytic ileus, or constipation. Sudden changes in behavior may indicate hallucinations, depression, or other psychotic episodes. 

Adverse reactions with administration of bupropion include citation, dry mouth, insomnia, headache, nausea, constipation, anorexia, weight loss, and seizures. Fluoxetine administration may result in headache, activation of mania or hypomania, insomnia, anxiety, nervousness, nausea, vomiting, and sexual dysfunction. Trazodone administration may cause the following adverse reactions drowsiness, skin disorders, anger, hostility, anemia, priapism, nausea, and vomiting. Additional... 

TCAs. The tricyclics cause anticholinergic effects (see Chap. 25) such as dry mouth, blurred vision, postural hypotension, urinary retention, and constipation. 

A common problem associated with the administration of the bile acid sequestrants is constipation. Constipation may be severe and may occasionally result in fecal impaction. Hemorrhoids may be aggravated. Additional adverse reactions include vitamin A and D deficiencies, bleeding tendencies (including gastrointestinal bleeding) caused by a depletion of vitamin K, nausea, abdominal pain, and distention. 

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