Conradson carbon test

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The Micro-method uses an analytical instrument to measure Conradson carbon in a small automated set. The Micro-method (ASTM D4530) gives test results that are equivalent to the Conradson carbon residue test (D189). The purpose of this test is to provide some indication of relative coke forming tendency of such mat al. 

Feed residue coke is the small portion of the (non-residue) feed that is directly deposited on the catalyst. This coke comes from the very heavy fraction of the feed and its yield is predicted by the Conradson or Ramsbottom carbon tests. 

Conradson Carbon, or Concarbon, is a standard test to determine the level of carbon residue present in a heavy oil feed. 

The two residue feeds B and C have almost identical boiling point distribution, but the density and the Conradson carbon content value are somewhat higher for feed C than for feed B. This indicates that feed C should be a little bit more difficult to crack than the B feed and this was also notified when the two feeds were to be tested in the pilot unit. 

Figure 10.7 represents the TPO profile of spent catalyst tested with pure DM0. It can be noted that the area of the peak at 715°C has increased even more owing to this feedstock high-CCR content. It can be concluded that the coke related with the feedstock CCR is located between 700°C and 715°C. As expected, this coke increases with the feedstock Conradson carbon content. 

Conradson Carbon Number ASTM D-189 Determination of the weight of nonvolatile residue formed after evaporation and atmospheric pyrolysis of fuel or oil. This test method provides some information about the relative coke-forming or deposit-forming tendency of a fuel or oil. Products having a high ash value will have an erroneously high carbon residue value. 

ASTM D-189. Standard Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products. 

Table IV gives the properties of the SRC-II fuel oil compared to a low-sulfur residual oil utilized in a recent combustion test. The SRC-II fuel oil is a distillate product with a nominal boiling range of 350-900°F, a viscosity of 40 Saybolt seconds at 100°F and a pour point below -20°F. Thus, it is readily pumpable at all temperatures normally encountered in transportation of the fuel oil. The fuel oil has a very low content of ash and sediment as well as a low Conradson carbon residue. These characteristics are favorable from the standpoint of particulate emissions during combustion. Tests of compatibility with typical petroleum fuel oils and on stability of the coal distillates over time have not revealed any unusual characteristics that would preclude utilization of these coal-derived fuels in conventional boiler applications.

The test conditions for this Microscale Simulation Test (MST) correspond to the low vapor contact times as applied in today s FCC riser technology. An effective feed preheat and feed dispersion is ensured, while the isothermal reactor bed is set to the dominating kinetic temperature in the riser, being approximately the feed catalyst mix temperature. The MST conditions enable the testing of high Conradson Carbon residue feedstocks. 

Elemental Analysis and Physical Properties. Elemental analysis was accomplished by conventional microanalytical techniques in a commercial testing laboratory. Density, refractive index, average molecular weight (VPO), Conradson carbon residue, and ash content were determined by standard methods. Viscosity was determined by a cone-plate viscometer. Simulated distillation was accomplished using a y4" x 18" column of Anachrome Q, 3% Dexil 300, programmed from -30 to... 

Conradson carbon coke deposits shortly after feed introduction. If high conradson carbon feed is processed in a MST unit, coke will deposit shortly after feed introduction. As the MST reactor consists of a fixed bed reactor, the feed will still meet clean catalyst after passing the first zone, where CCR coke deposits. Consequently the mechanism is different compared to commercial units. It can also be shown that material boiling above the MST reactor temperature does not leave the reactor, resulting in a low mass balance (9, 10). Therefore it is recommended to test high CCR feeds (CCR> 4-5%) in a fluidized bed system or in a riser unit. 

The INT-R1 catalyst has been tested with extremely difficult feedstocks regarding their metal, Conradson Carbon and asphaltene content. Pentane and hexane deasphalted oils from extra heavy crude oils, and atmospheric residue of these crudes were among the feedstocks tested [6,7]. 

The INT-RI catalyst can be used in fixed bed hydrotreating units to improve the residue quality, from a high sulfur residual to a low sulfur fuel oil [6]. Tests were performed to demonstrate the technical feasibility of directly processing these residues, using atmospheric residue of Cerro Negro and Iranian Gach Saran crude oils as feedstocks. These residues are characterized by a higher content of asphaltenes and Conradson Carbon than the deasphalted oils [5,6]. Therefore, the effect of these two variables on the performance of the catalyst, can be evaluated. 

A new HDM catalyst has been developed which maximizes HDM activity and metal deposition capacity without sacrificing catalyst strength. We have tested this catalyst under various process scenarios and have determined that this catalyst can maintain high HDM activity at relatively large metal loading levels, with stable activity for sulfur, nitrogen, and Conradson carbon removal. 

A principal source of the heaviest lube base stocks is vacuum-reduced crude (vacuum residuum). The primary application of the deasphalting process is to reduce the Conradson carbon residue (CCR), metals (Ni, V, etc.) content and viscosity of a vacuum residuum in order to produce an acceptable quality heavy lube base stock. The CCR content of a refinery stream is determined in an ASTM analytical test that involves... 

Tests for Conradson carbon residue (ASTM D-189, IP 13), Ramsbottom carbon residue (ASTM D-524, IP 14), the microcarbon carbon residue (ASTM D4530, IP 398), and asphaltene content (ASTM D-893, ASTM D-2006, ASTM D-2007, ASTM D-3279, ASTM D-4124, ASTM D-6560, IP 143) are sometimes included in inspection data on petroleum. The data give an indication of the amount of coke that will be formed during thermal processes as well as an indication of the amount of high-boiling constituents in petroleum. 

In the Conradson carbon residue test (ASTM D-189, IP 13), a weighed quantity of sample is placed in a crucible and subjected to destructive distillation for a fixed period of severe heating. At the end of the specified heating period, the test crucible containing the carbonaceous residue is cooled in a desiccator and weighed and the residue is reported as a percentage (% w/w) of the original sample (Conradson carbon residue). 

The data produced by the nucrocarbon test (ASTM D4530, IP 398) are equivalent to those by the Conradson carbon residue method (ASTM D-189 IP 13). However, this nucrocarbon test method offers better control of test conditions and requires a smaller sample. Up to 12 samples can be run simultaneously. This test method is applicable to petroleum and to petroleum products that partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure and is applicable to a variety of samples that generate a range of yields (0.01% w/w to 30% w/w) of thermal coke. 

Thus the tests for the Conradson carbon residue (ASTM D-189, IP 13), the Ramsbottom carbon residue (ASTM D-524, IP 14), and the microcar-bon carbon residue (ASTM D4530, IP 398) are often included in inspection data for fuel oil. 

Other test methods that are used for determining the coking value of tar and pitch (ASTM D-2416, ASTM D-4715), which indicates the relative coke-forming properties of tars and pitches, might also be applied to asphalt. Both test methods are applicable to tar and pitch with an ash content <0.5% (ASTM D-2415). The former test method (ASTM D-2416) gives results close to those obtained by the Conradson carbon residue test (ASTM D-189, IP 13). However, in the latter test method (ASTM D-4715), a sample is heated for a specified time at 550 10°C (1022 18°F) in an electric furnace. The percentage of residue is reported as the coking value. 

Carbon residue A test used to measure the tendency of a base oil to form carbonaceous deposits at elevated temperatures. The Conradson carbon residue test, ASTM D189, determines the residue which remains after pyrolytic removal of volatile compounds in the absence of air. 

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