Computation measurement

In their work on the precision of contemporary liquid chromatographic measurements, Scott and Reese (3) also evaluated the precision that could be expected from a computer measuring peak heights and peak areas. They again used twelve replicate samples and the results they obtained are shown in table 2. 

The Lyapunov exponents provide a computable measure of the sensitivity to initial conditions, i.e. characterize the mean exponential rate of divergence of two nearby trajectories if there is at least one positive Lyapunov exponent, or convergence when all Lyapunov exponents are negative. The Lyapunov exponents are defined for autonomous dynamical systems and can be described by ... 

Integrated volumes of both oil and gas arc obtained from net-oil and gas-flow analog computer measurements. Saltwater measurements are obtained from digital signals generated by turbine meters. Notable changes in metered volumes are output by the I/O system for surveillance of possible meter upsets. 

White, D.P., Anthony, J.C. and Oyefeso, A.O. (1999) Computational measurement of steric effects the size of organic substituents computed by ligand repulsive energies./. Org. Chem., 64, 7707. 

The kinetics of the aerobic oxidation of alcohols catalysed by Pd(OAc)2-triethylamine have been studied experimentally and computationally. Measurement of various kinetic isotope effects and the activation parameters and also rate law derivation support a rate-limiting deprotonation of the palladium-coordinated alcohol, contrary to the previously proposed rate-limiting /3-hydride elimination.234 The catalytic efficiency of Pd(OAc)2-triethylamine and palladium alkoxides in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols has been evaluated. A new catalyst, Pd(IiPr)(OPiv)2, is found to operate efficiently at room temperature.235... 

Ref 34 and pamphlets which can be obtained from the firm). An apparatus developed during WWII by the National Research Council of Canada under the name of Ottawa Chronograph was also used in US. Its description is given in Ref 30a, pp 28-34 In addn to Potter Co, the following US firms are engaged in manuf of counter chronographs a) Berkeley Division of Beckman Instruments, Inc, Richmond, Calif b) Hewlett-Packard Co, Palo Alto, Calif c) Computer Measurements Co, San Fernando, Calif d) The Detectron Corp, North Hollywood, Calif and e) Lavoie Laboratories, Inc, Motganville, NJ There are probably other firms, but we have no info on their products... 

Another universal trend is the tendency for systems to evolve from the macro to the nano scale. We see this trend in action when looking at the first early computers, which weighed about 27 tons and contained 17,468 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, and around 5 million hand-soldered joints. IBM s ENIAC computer measured 8.5 feet by 3 feet by 80 feet. By comparison, today s notebook computers are quite small. 

The screen of a laptop computer measures 8.25 in. wide and 6.25 in. tall. If this computer were being sold in Europe, what would be the metric size of the screen used in the specifications for the computer ... 

Recently, Coville and coworkers published a computational measure of cone angles (29). To exemplify the algorithm used, consider a PR3 ligand attached to a metal. Cone angles were calculated as follows ... 

Application of this methodology to this model of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase yields the results shown in Fig. 9.4. In fact we do see strong numerical evidence for the presence of a promoting vibration - intense peaks in the spectral density for the reaction coordinate are greatly reduced at a point between the reactant and product wells. This is defined as a point of minimal coupling. As we have described, the restraint on the hydride does not impact the spectral density computation. This computation measures the forces on the reaction coordinate, not those... 

The retention index system has the advantage of being based on readily available reference materials that cover a wide boiling range. In addition, the temperature dependence of retention indexes is relatively small. In 1984 Sadtier Research Laboratories introduced a library of retention indexes measured on four types of fused-silica open tubular columns. The computerized format of the database allows retention index searching and possible identity recall with a desktop computer. Measurement of retention indexes is the basis of the Rohrschneider-McReynolds scheme for classification of stationary phases in GC (see Section 27C-4),... 

COMPARISON OF ENERGY FLOWMETER AND FLOW COMPUTER MEASUREMENTS... 

Guo, Wei et al. 2012. Research of avionics fault diagnosis algorithm based on immune danger theory. Computer Measurement and Control 20(4) 948-954. 

Once the self-consistent distributions are known, we can compute measurable quantities. In Fig. 7a we present the average position of the end-segment of both chains (for which we use the parameter h) above the core surface. This value is computed by the first moment ... 

Chemical Diversity The unrelatedness of a set of, for example, building blocks or members of a combinatorial library, as measured by their properties such as atom connectivity, physical properties, computational measurements, or bioactivity. Diverse chemical libraries are widely and evenly dispersed in the multidimensional property space. Chemical diversity has two major elements, redundancy and coverage. 

With increasing importance being attached to the early detection of compounds likely to be problematic from an absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) viewpoint, " at RPR we sought to apply computational measures for the prediction of intestinal absorption—a key requirement for an orally bioavailable compound—during the design of lead optimization libraries. To this end, we implemented the popular rule-of-5 criteria described by Lipinski et al. compound is deemed to fail the rule-of-5 check (and thereby to be possibly deficient from an oral absorption/permeability aspect) if it possesses two or more of the following features ... 

Data acquisition was through two A/D units, acting upon signals from the UV and LALLS detectors. The digital data were fed to an HP 9836 computer. Measurements of UV and LALLS were taken at about 80 points from top to bottom of each tube each of the 80 LALLS readings was averaged from 200 LALLS measurements. 

The experimental cell is controlled by a potentiostat/galvanostat, which is also coupled with a frequency response analyzer for EIS measurements. The potentiostat (connected to a computer) measures the WE potential ( ) with respect to the RE, and the current (/) through the CE. The resistor (> 1 Gf2) is internal to the potentiostat and prevents current flow in the RE. The electrochemical cell shown in Figure 3.4(a) can also be used with rotating disc electrodes (RDEs), with the addition of an RDE rotor/controUer. RDE-based experiments do not necessarily mimic the hydrodynamic conditions of CMP, because the fluid velocity prohle at the surface of an RDE (Bard, 2001) is different from that expected for a CMP pad (Thakurta et al., 2002). Nevertheless, certain details of the CMP-related reaction kinetics and the effects of convective mass transfer on such reactions can be examined using RDEs. 

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