Compound Connective tissue

Cheung, D.T. and Nimni, M.E. (1982). Mechanism of crosslinking of proteins by glutaraldehyde I Reaction with model compounds. Connective Tissue Research, 10, 187-199. 

Ascorbic acid—vitamin C—is an essential nutrient that the human body cannot manufacture from other compounds. It is needed for the formation of collagen, the protein that makes up connective tissue, and is essential to muscles, bones, cartilage, and blood vessels. It is a strong antioxidant, preventing damage from oxygen free radicals. 

Recently, NGF has been shown to cause a significant proliferation of connective tissue mast cells when injected subcutaneously into newborn (day 1) rats [122]. This effect of NGF is blocked by DSCG, which suggests that products released from NGF-stimulated mast cells are responsible (directly or indirectly) for the proliferation or recruitment of other mast cells. In adult rats, a similar proliferation of mucosal mast cells in the small intestine is known to accompany an infection by intestinal nematode, N. brasilensis [123] and has also been reported to accompany the repeated injections of compound 48/80 [ 124], It may be relevant in this regard that mast cells are frequently prominent in a wide variety of fibrotic conditions such as neurofibromatosis where itching around the growing neurofibroma is a common symptom [125]. Treatment of neurofibromatosis with ketotifen, a mast cell stabilizer similar to DSCG, results... 

A few examples to render tetrapyrrolic compounds less phototoxic can be found in the hterature. In one approach, carotenoid structures were employed for the synthesis of some carotenoporphyrin derivatives [92-94]. Figure 8 shows two stuctures by way of example. Due to similar photophysical properties of the two structural components, the excited triplet state of the porphyrin is quenched by the carotenoid moiety, thus inhibiting the formation of singlet oxygen, while its fluorescence capabilities are still preserved. Biodistribution studies revealed enhanced uptake into tumour tissue [39,93,95]. However, microscopy studies have shown that such compounds are associated with connective tissues in the tumors rather than with cancerous cells indicating low specificities for mahgnant transformation [96]. 

Andeson LM, Hagiwara A, Kovatch RM, et al Transplacental initiation of liver, lung, neurogenic and connective tissue tumors by A/-nitroso compounds in mice. Fundam Appl Toxicol 12 604-620, 1989... 

Van Duuren BL, et al Carcinogenicity of epoxides, lactones, and peroxy compounds. IV. Tumor response in epithelial and connective tissue in mice and rats, f Natl Cancer Inst 37 825-834, 1966... 

Accumulation of homocysteine and reduced transsulfation of various compounds leads to abnormalities in connective tissue structures that cause altered blood vessel wall structure, loss of skeletal bone density (osteoporosis), dislocated optic lens (ectopia lentis), and increased risk of blood clots. 

Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose is a component of a mucopolysaccharide hyaluronic acid. It has been demonstrated, by PET imaging with the corresponding F labeled compound, that this glucose derivative is incorporated into the connective tissue at the interface of a tumor and healthy tissue. Thus, it can be used as a tumor label. 6-[ F]-6-Deoxy-L-ascorbic acid also deserves attention, as it maintains the antioxidant properties of ascorbic acid. Thus, it can be useful to smdy the biochemical... 

It has been proven that it is mainly TNFa that stimulates fibroblasts to release metalloproteases—compounds leading to the degradation of proteoglycans, collagen, and glycoproteins, and consequently damage the substance of basic connective tissue. As a result, the mucous barrier becomes less hermetic and a subsequent atrophy of intestinal villi and reduction of absorption surfaces occurs (Schuppan, 2000). 

Collagen is a major structural element in connective tissues skin, tendons, muscle, and internal organs. It combines with inorganic compounds in bones and teeth. Cartilage is collagen mixed in an amorphous gel. Dentine, which makes up the bulk of a tooth, is a mixture of collagen and hydroxyapatite (a mineral), and water. 

Deep to the reticular layer of the dermis is the hypodermis (subcutis) consisting of very loose connective tissue with adipose cells. This layer helps to anchor the dermis to the underlying muscle or bone. This thermal barrier and mechanical cushion is sometimes considered to be a site that acts as a depot or reservoir for certain toxic compounds. 

Vitamin C status is generally assessed by estimating the saturation of body reserves or measuring plasma and leukocyte concentrations of the vitamin. Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline-containing peptides is reduced in people with inadequate vitamin C status, but a number of other factors that affect bone and connective tissue turnover confound interpretation of the results (Bates, 1977). The ratio of deoxypyridinolineipyridinoline compounds derived from collagen cross-links provides a more useful index, but is potentially affected by copper status (Tsuchiya and Bates, 1997). 

Their effect on the regeneration of connective tissues at wound defects and deep thermal bums has been studied. In experiments carried out and designed for revealing biological activity of obtained compounds (A and B), it has been found that they considerably accelerate wound cicatrizing (see Table 1). 

The acetylated compound is a widespread unit of animal glycosaminoglycans in connective tissue (Chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate) and component of many bacterial immunopolysaccharides and glycoproteins... 

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