Composite solid polymer electrolyte properties

Abstract The chapter begins by discussing the characters and composition of polymer electrolytes for electrochromic devices. It then describes the four types of the polymer electrolytes dry solid polymer electrolyte, gel polymer electrolyte, porous gel polymer electrolyte and composite solid polymer electrolyte, their preparation procedures and properties especially ion conductivity of the samples. Finally, new types of polymer electrolytes including proton-conducting, alkaline, single ionic polymer electrolytes and electrolytes with ionic liquids are also introduced. 

Shibata, M., K.-I. Kawashita, R. Yosomiya, and Z. Gongzheng. 2001. Electrochromic properties of polypyrrole composite films in solid polymer electrolyte. Eur Polym J 37 915-919. 

Momma, T., Kakuda, S., Yarimizu, H., and Osaka, T., Electrochemical redox properties of polypyrrole/Nafion composite film in a solid polymer electrolyte battery, J. Electrochem. Soc., 142, 1766-1769 (1995). 

Li, J., Pratt, L. M., and Khan, I. M., Poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(2-vinylpyridine)/lith-ium perchlorate blends as solid polymer electrolytes. Composition/property/structure interrelationship, J. Polym. Sci. Chem. Ed., 33, 1657-1663 (1995). 

Hashmi and Upadhyaya compared the electrochemical properties of the electrochemically synthesized MnO /PPy composite electrodes, fabricated with different electrolytes, namely polymer electrolyte film (polyvinyl alcohol [PVA]-HjPO aqueous blend), aprotic liquid electrolyte (LiClO -propylene carbonate [PC]), and polymeric gel electrolyte (poly methyl methacrylate [PMMA]-ethylene carbonate [EC]-PC-NaClO ) [60]. The cell with aqueous PVA-H PO showed non-capacitive behavior owing to some reversible chemical reaction of MnO with water, while the MnO / PPy composite was found to be a suitable electrode material for redox supercapacitors with aprotic (non-aqueous) electrolytes. The solid-state supercapacitor based on the MnO /PPy composite electrodes with gel... 

Jo et al prepared and characterised Gel polymer electrolytes composed of methy methacrylete-styrene copolymers (PMS) and electrolyte solution (LiT-FSI in EC/DMQ. Depending on the molar composition of the copolymer, these gel polymer electrolytes exhibited different electrochemical and mechanical properties. In order to investigate the physical interactions among organic solvents, polymer, and lithium ions occurred in the gel polymer electrolyte, Raman spectroscopy and solid state Li NMR spin-spin relaxation measurements were performed. 

The aim of the first part of this chapter is to present recent research on composite polymer electrolytes, both solid and gel, in order to try to clarify the effect of fillers on ionic conduction, transference number, the polymer crystallisation process, mechanical properties and interface properties in polymer electrolytes. 

Some authors reported the stability of DSSC assembled with polymer electrolytes with different compositions and related this behavior to the properties of the electrolyte. For example, solar cells were assembled with electrolytes combining the ionic liquid l-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodine and PEO, poly(propylene oxide) or the copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide). After introducing less than 10 wt% of the polyether into the liquid electrolyte, the parameters of these quasi-solid state solar cells were still comparable to those of the liquid photochemical cells. It was believed that the polymer can contribute to the maintenance of the efficiency of the solar cells by holding the organic solvent. All devices were sealed with paraffin wax. The cell assembled with liquid electrolyte lost half of the conversion efficiency after 5 days, while the cells fabricated with the polyether-electrolytes had... 

STEPHAN A M and NAHM K s (2006), Review on composite polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries . Polymer, 47 5952-5964 SUN J, MACFARLANE D R and FORSYTH M (2003), Novel alkaline polymer electrolytes based on tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide , Electrochimica Acta, 48 1971-1976 TAKAMURA T (2006), Trends in advanced batteries and key materials in the new century . Solid State Ionics, 152-153 19-34 VANDENBERG E J, MULLIS JC, JUVET R S, MILLER T and NIEMAN R A (1989), Poly(3-hydroxyoxetane) - an analog of poly(vinyl alcohol) synthesis, characterization, and properties , / Polym Sci Part A, 27 3113-3149 WAKIHARA M (2001), Recent developments in hthium ion batteries . Mater Sci Eng, R33 109-134... 

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