Alkaline polymer gel electrolytes

Alkaline polymer gel electrolytes are commonly used in all- solid-state alkaline rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. The typically used electrode materials for supercapacitors... 

Kalpana D, Renganathan NG, Pitchnmani S (2006) A new class of alkaline polymer gel electrolyte for carbon aerogel supercapacitors. J Power Sources 157 621... 

Iwakura C, Eurukawa N, Ohishi T, Sakamoto K, Nohara S, Inoue H (2001) Nickel/metal hydride cells using an alkaline polymer gel electrolyte based on potassium salt of crosslinked poly(acrylic acid). Electrochemistry 69 659... 

Zhu X, Yang H, Cao Y, Ai X (2004) Preparation and electrochemical characterization of the alkaline polymer gel electrolyte polymerized from acrylic acid and KOH solution. Electrochim Acta 49 2533... 

Obtain polymer by isobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator to polymerize it in benzene at 65°C for 48 h. After refining, evaporate the solvent slowly from the mixed solution that dissolved the alkaline salt along with the lithium trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in the anhydride methanol solvent. Solid-state auxiliary battery using a gel electrolyte... 

Separator structures fall into four main categories microporous films, nonwovens, gel polymers, and solid polymers. Microporous films contain small pores (5 to 10 nm in diameter) and are often used for low temperature applications. They are made from nonwoven fibers such as cotton, polyester, glass, polyolefins (PP and PE), PTFE, and PVC. Microporous separators are commonly used with organic electrolytes and in acidic systems. Nonwovens are manufactured as mats of fibers and bind through frictional forces. They exhibit consistent weight, thickness, and degradation resistance but they show inadequate pore order and are difficult to make thinner than 25 pm. Nonwovens are generally made from cellulose, PTFE, PVC, PVdF, or a combination of polyolefins and receive preference in alkaline systems [114]. 

Abstract The chapter begins by discussing the characters and composition of polymer electrolytes for electrochromic devices. It then describes the four types of the polymer electrolytes dry solid polymer electrolyte, gel polymer electrolyte, porous gel polymer electrolyte and composite solid polymer electrolyte, their preparation procedures and properties especially ion conductivity of the samples. Finally, new types of polymer electrolytes including proton-conducting, alkaline, single ionic polymer electrolytes and electrolytes with ionic liquids are also introduced. 

The polymer-lithium salt system seems to be the most widely studied polymer electrolyte, due to its potential application in lithium high density batteries and ECD. Such electrolytes should be completely anhydrous and therefore, must be prepared and kept under moisture-free conditions. While gel-type electrolytes based on the PEO-KOH " and PVA-KOFI-H2O alkaline SPE systems have been reported, such alkaline electrolytes are interesting from the point of view of their potential application in all-solid alkaline rechargeable batteries and ECD. 

---