Comoros

Imported Inorganic Chemical Elements, Oxides and Halogen Salts in Comoros, 2002 

Country of Origin Rank Value (000 US ) % Share Cumulative % 

Source Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com 

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In 1991, vanilla beans were the highest valued spice import, with shipments totaling 69.0 million, followed by black and white pepper at 60.6 million, capsicum peppers and paprika at 42.6 million, sesame seed at 40.6 million, and cassia and cinnamon at 27.8 million. The most expensive spices, on a unit value basis, include saffron, 1116/kg average New York spot vanilla beans, 80.50/kg for Bourbon beans from Madagascar, Comoros, and Reunion, and 22.05/kg for Java beans and cardamom, 38.54/kg for grade AA bleached Indian and 3.88/kg for Guatemalan mixed greens. 

Stobbs, R. E. and Bruton, M. N. (1991). The fishery of the Comoros, with comments on its possible impact on coelacanth survival. Environ. Biol. Fishery 32, 341-359. 

As of July 2006, 164 nations accounting for 61.6 percent of the world s carbon dioxide emissions had ratified or accepted the treaty. About 30 (mostly small) nations have never taken a position on the treaty. These nations include Afghanistan, Andorra, Angola, Brunei, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Gabon, Iraq, Saint Kitts and Nevis, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkey, Zimbabwe, Republic of China (Taiwan), and Vatican City. Only two nations have signed but declined to ratify the treaty, Australia and the United States. 

Cyclohexapept bistratamides Lissoclinum spp., Didemnidae, Ascid. from GBR and the Philippines Foster, 1992) comoramides Didemnum molle, Didemnidae from Comoro Is Rudi 1998) Oiexalpatellins Lissoclinum sp. from Fiji Is. Carroll 1996). 

Cinnamon leaf oil is produced by steam distillation of the leaves of the cinnamon tree, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Bl. (C. verum J.S. Presl). The main countries in which the oil is produced are Sri Lanka, the Seychelles, southern India, Madagascar, and the Comoro Islands. It is a reddish-brown to dark brown liquid with a characteristic spicy odor, reminiscent of clove buds. 

Vanillin and phenol derivatives are primarily responsible for its aroma [808-8lid]. The main producers of V. planlifolia pods are Madagascar, the Comoro Islands, Reunion (Bourbon), Mexico, and some Pacific Islands V. tahitensis pods are grown mainly in Tahiti. 

Table 9. Specifications of ylang-ylang oils from the Comoro Islands (C) and Madagascar (M)...

Vanilla is widely used in food, beverages and cosmetics. It is produced from the beans of Vanilla planifolia Andrews, a member of the orchid family (Orchi-daceae). The plant originates from Mexico where it was already used when the Spaniards arrived. Now it is cultured in various tropical countries, such as Madagascar, Indonesia, Uganda, Comoro, Tahiti, Papua Guinea, India and Mexico. Each of these growth sites yields vanilla with different flavour characteristics. 

Cyclodidemnamide (60) is a weakly cytotoxic, heptapeptide from D. molle from the Philippines [90]. Total synthesis of the proposed structure of cyclodidemnamide gave a product with different spectral data to those of the natural product, which is thought to be a stereoisomer [91]. The stereochemistry of one of the two valine residues in cyclodidemnamide was revised from L-valine to D-valine as a result of the total synthesis of both isomers [92] and the configuration was also reassigned as a result of total synthesis [93]. The hexapeptides, comoramides A (61) and B (62), were isolated from D. molle from Mayotte lagoon in the Comoros Islands, while the heptapeptides, mayotamides A (63) and B (64) were isolated from a separate collection of D. molle from the Comoros Islands [94]. 

Basil Oil, Comoros Type, occurs as a light yellow liquid with a spicy odor. It is obtained by steam distillation of the flowering tops or the entire plant of Ocimum basilicum L. (Fam. Lamiaceae). It may be distinguished from other types, such as basil oil, European type, by its camphoraceous odor and physicochemical constants. It is soluble in most fixed oils and, with turbidity, in mineral oil. One milliliter is soluble in 20 mL of propylene glycol with slight haziness, but it is insoluble in glycerin. 

Basil Oil, Comoros Type 656 Carrot Seed Oil 672 y-Decalactone... 

Bacterial Alpha-Amylase Activity, 789 Bacterial (PC) Proteolytic Activity, 811 Baking Soda, 355 Balances and Weights, 729 Balsam Fir Oil, 156 Balsam Peru Oil, 38, 574 Barium Chloride TS, 850 Barium Diphenylamine Sulfonate TS, 850 Barium Hydroxide TS, (S 1)114 Barium Hydroxide, 0.2 N, 856 Barium Standard Solution, 849 Basil Oil, Comoros Type, 39, 574 Basil Oil, European Type, 39, 579 Basil Oil, Italian Type, 39 Basil Oil, Reunion Type, 39 Basil Oil Exotic, 39 Basil Oleoresin, 391, 392 Bay Leaf Oil, 217 Bay Oil, 40, 575 BCD, (S 1)15 Beeswax, White, 40 Beeswax, Yellow, 41 Beet Fiber, (S1 )45 Beet Sugar, 400, (S2)35 Benedict s Qualitative Reagent, 850, 851 Bentonite, 41 Benzaldehyde, 456, 607 Benzaldehyde Glyceryl Acetal, 456, 607, (S1)60... 

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