Communication between industry

Risk Communication Knowledge Transfer and Management A major element in risk management is risk communication. The challenge of risk communication between industry and FDA and within FDA should not be imderestimated. It would be erroneous to assume that manufacturing... 

Although the state spent considerable sums for chemical research, particularly through CNRS and the universities, the fallout for industry was scarce because of the persistent lack of communication between industry and those doing research. 

The purpose of the RMP is to reduce chemical risk at the local level. This information helps local fire, police, and emergency response personnel (who must prepare for and respond to chemical accidents) and is useful to individuals in understanding the chemical hazards in communities. Ideally, making the RMPs available to the public stimulates communication between industry and the public to improve accident prevention and emergency response practices at the local level. 

A weight-of-evidence or tier approach to the level of suspicion of carcinogenic risk will be the main objective, and will include SAR and findings from sub-chronic to chronic toxicity testing (genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and organ toxicity). In addition, communication between industry and regulatory authorities will be formulated early in order to allow the most optimal scientific approach. 

Top and middle Industry management would make contact with scientists who have the needed expertise to meet the goals of the problem to be solved. The university and Industry would jointly sponsor efforts for close communication between Industry and academic scientists on a local and regional basis through forums, symposia, or a specific industry(ies) day or week at the university. Industry should accept the leadership and Initiate contacts that will prove useful and mutually beneficial to both. 

While much communication is within an industry, many elements, such as shipping documents, are used to communicate between industries, and it is difficult, if not impossible, to do this electronically if the different industries are using different standards. According to one EDI provider, this has caused many companies (including Sears, Home Depot, Wal-Mart, Sam s Club, Bell Atlantic, Certified Grocers, BMG Music, Ford, and GM) to force business partners to be EDI capable (www.xebecdata.com/ forced.html). Standards gener-... 

Community Awareness and Emergency Response (CAER)—a program designed to inform the community surrounding a plant of potentially hazardous situations and of hazardous chemicals found in the plant, to work with the community to develop emergency response programs, and to open the lines of communication between industry and the community. 

Breakdown in communications between the building industry and plastic manufacturer probably accounts for a large amount of lost motion and dollars. Perhaps another major cause is the pure sales approach within any industry that, in many cases, can delay technical progress. 

In addition to the increased precision in the communication between the researcher and the programmer, there will be an increase in the accuracy of the data involved in the research. As Mason [23] pointed out early on in the history of computer use, authenticity and correctness are necessary for accuracy. One current controversy in the pharmaceutical industry, in fact, depends on accuracy, which in turn affects liability. People in and out of the industry are discussing how best to make research visible to potential users of drugs. 

Registration requirements, SOPs and decision criteria are documented to ensure transparency of the regulatory process and to facilitate communication between the regulatory authority, the pharmaceutical industry and the public. 

The general assessment indicates that the pharmaceutical industry experiences problems with transparency of dmg registration in two out of the 10 countries— Cypms and Uganda. The main problems cited involve communication between the DRA and the industry regarding clarity of procedures and adequacy of official explanations for the rejection of an application. In Cypms, the Dmg Council also raised issues concerning the fairness of treatment of foreign versus domestic industry, and the arbitration of contradictory quality analysis results provided by different laboratories, both belonging to the Dmg Council. 

The Pharmacopoeial Forum fulfills a vital role in promoting industry-wide communication between those involved with quality assurance, the development of standards and analytical methods. It contains an up to date list of official USP Reference Substances, with current and recently changed lot numbers. Reference Substances not yet available and those under development are also described. The publication acts as an international open forum in which scientists are invited to express their views, suggestions, ideas and comments regarding new drug standard development and revisions to existing monographs. Pharmacopoeial Forum is published, on a subscription basis, six times a year, back issues are available for USP website see Table 84. 

Communication channels shall be set up between industry and academics. There has been inconsistency with regards to the characterization of foundry solid waste between industry and academics. The former cares about the workability and efficiency of materials in generating products. The latter concentrate on the technical behavior of materials if reused. The way that metal casters define the characteristics of their sands is completely different from what the contractor wants to know. For example, metal casters talk about ground fineness number, whereas contractors want to know fine and clay contents. At the point of reusing their solid waste, metal casters should divert their attention from regulators and customers to researchers, working within a well channeled system. 

The current structure of MedDRA is defined in Table 21.6. There will be a central maintenance organization responsible for development, user support, implementation and communication as well as an international user group. A management board will oversee the activities of the central maintenance organization with direction provided by the ICH Steering Committee. A standard medical dictionary will facilitate electronic data exchange between industry and regulatory authorities worldwide, as recommended by the ICH. 

The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. A global forum for communication between scientists and decision makers in government and industry (HICKEY Chris, USA)... 

To fulfil this requirement, the concept of ecopharmacovigilance has been recently established [14], and due to the many facets of this complex issue, the communication between medical/healthcare communities, pharmaceutical industry, medicine and environmental regulators, academia and environmental science researchers is primordial. 

This ability to test drugs in contexts other than acute pain models has arisen from good communication between bench scientists, clinicians and industry. Until recently investigations into the mechanisms of clinical pain syndromes all relied on animal studies using acute stimuli. The symptoms of pain arising from nerve injury, neuropathic pain, such as allodynia, spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, sensory deficits and in some cases a sympathetic component are simply not seen in the older acute models. There are now several animal models which mimic peripheral and central neuropathic states. The same is true for inflammation. 

In this chapter, the use of membranes in medical devices is reviewed briefly. In terms of total membrane area produced, medical applications are at least equivalent to all industrial membrane applications combined. In terms of dollar value of the products, the market is far larger. In spite of this, little communication between these two membrane areas has occurred over the years. Medical and industrial membrane developers each have their own journals, societies and meetings, and rarely look over the fence to see what the other is doing. This book cannot reverse 50 years of history, but every industrial membrane technologist should at least be aware of the main features of medical applications of membranes. Therefore, in this chapter, the three most important applications—hemodialysis (the artificial kidney), blood oxygenation (the artificial lung) and controlled release pharmaceuticals—are briefly reviewed. 

Discrete reflux ratio used in most pilot plant batch distillation columns, including those used in industrial R D Departments (Jenkins, 2000 Greaves, 2003), does not allow a direct implementation of the optimum reflux ratio (treated as a continuous variable) obtained using a model based technique (as presented in earlier chapters of this book). In Greaves et al. (2001), a relationship between the continuous and the discrete reflux ratio is developed. This allows easy communication between the model and the process and comparison on a common basis. 

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