Affective liability

In addition to the increased precision in the communication between the researcher and the programmer, there will be an increase in the accuracy of the data involved in the research. As Mason [23] pointed out early on in the history of computer use, authenticity and correctness are necessary for accuracy. One current controversy in the pharmaceutical industry, in fact, depends on accuracy, which in turn affects liability. People in and out of the industry are discussing how best to make research visible to potential users of drugs. 

The cause or causes and the meaning of the elevation of platelet 5-HT observed in some autistic patients is unknown, but the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is thought to be involved as it controls the rate of reuptake of serotonin from the synaptic cleft. The fact that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ameliorate obsessive compulsive symptoms, stereotypies, affective liability and social relatedness in some subjects with autism [16, 17], lends further support for this hypothesis. After... 

Parshall (1989) notes that product liability issues are complex and varied. An attorney knowledgeable in product liability issues may be an important contributor to process hazards discussions if such issues may affect the advisability of a proposed process chemistry. 

The life cycle cost of a process is the net total of all expenses incurred over the entire lifetime of a process. The choice of process chemistry can dramatically affect this life cycle cost. A quantitative life cycle cost cannot be estimated with sufficient accuracy to be of practical value. There is benefit, however, in making a qualitative estimate of the life cycle costs of competing chemistries. Implicit in any estimate of life cycle cost is the estimate of risk. One alternative may seem more attractive than another until the risks associated with product liability issues, environmental concerns, and process hazards are given due consideration. Value of life concepts and cost-benefit analyses (CCPS, 1995a, pp. 23-27 and Chapter 8) are useful in predicting and comparing the life cycle costs of alternatives. 

The Tax Code contains various provisions that may affect the demand for energy from specific sources. In the transportation area, purchasers of electric vehicles may claim a credit against their income tax liability for a portion of the purchase price. Taxpayers who pur-... 

Mumford GK, Evans SM, Fleishaker JC, et al Alprazolam absorption kinetics affects abuse liability. Clin Pharmacol Ther 57 356—365, 1995a... 

In the U.S., three pieces of federal legislation that were passed from 1969 to 1980, and the implementing rules and regulations that followed, initiated a series of fundamental changes in the management of waste and byproduct materials. They presently affect the way in which regulatory agencies address waste and byproduct material use. These acts include the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA, 1969), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA, 1976, 1980), and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liabilities Act (CERCLA) or Superfund (1980). 

The incorporation of fluorine into a molecule has been widely used to alter the pharmacokinetic properties and overall drug-like properties of compounds. This includes affecting the metabolism, oral absorption, and brain penetration of these molecules [18]. Metabolism can be affected by addition of fluorine directly at or adjacent to the site of metabolism. In addition, substitution with fluorine can increase the lipophilicity of compounds which has been shown to dramatically affect both oral absorption and brain penetration. Finally, the electron-withdrawing characteristic of fluorine has been exploited to lower the P-gp liability of compounds and modulate the pKa of adjacent groups which resulted in increased brain exposure. In the following section, representative examples will highlight the powerful nature of fluorine to modulate overall drug-like properties. 

The company that manufactured Marlene s motor home found that, in some cases at least, the panelling and glue that lined much of her cabin was indeed faulty and that formaldehyde gas was being released. There wasn t very much gas being released, but the liability potential was severe. Hence, the recall. It turned out that Marlene s motor home was not affected, but it got renovated nevertheless, much to her delight. 

After a suspected case of the 1918 Spanish flu vims (which, in a global pandemic during World War I, affected half the world s population and killed almost 25 million people in 18 months) was identified in 1976, Congress passed the National Swine Flu Immunization Program, releasing manufacturers from the liability, so that a flu vaccine... 

Recurrence risks for multifactorial disorders increase if the affected individual has a more severe expression of the disease. Again, this reflects the fact that the individual and his or her relatives are located higher on the liability distribution. 

Card web neps were higher for the washed than for the unwashed cotton for each of the cottons. However, the effects of the washing treatment were overshadowed by other characteristics of the cotton that affect neps. Nep levels were much higher for the California and Texas cottons than for the Mississippi cotton. Nep level in the unwashed Mississippi cotton was much lower than that of either the unwashed California or washed Texas cottons. However, Increased neppiness of carded washed cotton must be considered a liability. All washed cottons were successfully... 

In many other cases of work-related exposure to hazardous substances, however, the cause/effect correlations do not permit such unequivocal proof. The number of acknowledged industrial diseases caused by hazardous substances should thus be much lower than the number of persons actually affected. Thus, the risks of compensation are accordingly low for the employers as the contributors to the employers liability insurance schemes. 

Article 83.7 makes it clear that the fact that an opinion has been obtained from the committee will not affect the civil or criminal liability of a manufacturer or an applicant. 

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act established a 1.6 billion, five-year Superfund" to clean up landfills. This was funded by the chemical industry (87.5%) and general government revenues (12.5%). It was expanded in dollar amount and in number of landfills affected later. 

Lindane attacks the nervous system causing trembling, loss of coordination, paralysis, and ultimately death. Lindane was often applied as a spray on crops, where it would be either ingested or inhaled. Initially its environmental persistence was considered an asset, but eventually that was seen as a liability and led to restrictions in it use. Lindane is stable in water and has an average half-life of 15 months in soil. It is also highly toxic to fish trout are affected at levels as low as 1.7 J.g of lindane per liter of water. The US EPA restricted its use in 1983, as have most European countries. However, it continues to be used to treat seeds and is used in products to control head lice. In the US over 200,000 pounds are used each year to treat seeds prior to planting. 

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