Intelligent combustion

Glowiak (Ref 5) claims that detonation velocity, heat of combustion and Trauzl Block test all correlate with a true OB for 25 nitro compounds (some containing diazo or azido groups). This writer has not seen his original publication CA does not specify intelligibly what is meant by true OB... 

Rusche, S. Kostrzewa, G. Intelligent Combustion A Gas boiler with a new control and safety device using the signals of a semiconductor-sensor. Proceedings Eurogas 99, Bochum 1999. 

For gas heaters, intelligent firing systems are the way ahead, which means improved combustion control due to automatic monitoring of the combustion process and closed-loop control at all times. 

Yang, V., D. A. Santavicca, and A. Ray. 1997. Intelligent control of gas turbine combustion dynamics for performance and emission improvement. 10th ONR Propulsion Meeting Proceedings. Eds. G. D. Roy and D. Netzer. Monterey, CA. Naval Postgraduate School. 32-37. 

S. A. Kalogirou, Artificial intelligence for the modelling and control of combustion processes a review. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 29(6), 2003, 515-566. 

From another point of view matter was considered by the medieval philosophers as composed of body, spirit and soul. Body was that which gave solidity and permanence, spirit was that which fled from the fire or was volatile. Soul was not very intelligibly defined, and not so generally adopted. Paracelsus crystallized these vague theories into a more tangible form by assuming that all matter is made up of three primal substances, sulphur, mercury and salt. To these three constituents he ascribed more definite functions than had previously been recognized. Sulphur was the combustible principle, mercury that which imparts fusibility, liquidity and volatility, salt that which is nonvolatile and incombustible. This idea he developed extensively in very many of his works. Thus in the Paramirum ... 

Oxidation is only one of several environmental problems that face ceramic matrix composites. For example, in combustor environments, which represent some of the most severe applications, vaporization and reactions which produce volatile products are also major degradation routes for ceramic composites. These processes can occur by hydrogen reduction, by reaction with water vapor, or by simple vaporization. Furthermore, some of the most oxidation-resistant ceramics, such as Si02 and A1203, are susceptible to these types of vaporization reactions. Fortunately, it is possible to take advantage of some of the intrinsic properties of ceramics to intelligently allow for the types of severe service environments such as combustion engines. 

Intelligent design of circulating fluidized bed boilers depends on sufficient understanding of the physico-chemical hydrodynamics occurring in the combustors, such as chemical kinetics of coal combustion and pollutant formation, hydrodynamics of gas-solid two phase flow, mixing of gas and solids, distribution of heat released, and heat transfer between immersed... 

Interactive Analytical Chemistry CD-ROM. Developed by William J. Vin-ing. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, in conjunction with the text authors, this CD-ROM is packaged free with every copy of the book. Prompted by icons with captions in the text, students explore the corresponding Intelligent Tutors, Guided Simulations, and Media-based Exercises. This CD-ROM includes tutorials on statistics, equilibria, spectrophotometry, electroanalytical chemistry, chromatography, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and gravimetric and combustion analysis. Also included on the CD-ROM as an Adobe Acrobat PDF file is Chapter 37, Selected Methods of Analysis. Students will be able to print only those experiments that they will perform, and the printed sheets can be easily used in the laboratory. 

Lemieux, P. M., Miller, C. A., Fritsky, K. J., and Chappell, P. J., Development of an Artificial-Intelligence-Based System to Control Transient Emissions from Secondary Combustion Chambers of Hazardous Waste Incinerators, in Proceedings of the 1995 International Incineration Conference, Bellevue, WA, May, 1995, 527. 

Boyle s arguments were especially aimed at the four elements of Aristotle and the three principles (Sulphur, Salt, and Mercury) of the Paracelsians. Anyone could claim to have resolved bodies into sulphur, salt, and mercury, but what types of substances were these Did sulphur mean the marketplace stuff, or was it a reference to a kind of combustible principle Moreover, he noted, there was no real agreement among Paracelsian chemists as to which properties these principles were responsible for in mixed bodies. I could easily prosecute the imperfections of the vulgar chymists philosophy, says Boyle, and shew you, that by going about to explicate by their three principles. .. all the abstruse properties of mixed bodies [and] even such obvious and more familiar phenomena as fluidity and firmness. . . chymists will be much more likely to discredit themselves and their hypothesis, than satisfy an intelligent inquirer after truth (pp. 163-164). 

Combustion of biomass and biomass-derived fuels can produce air pollution how serious this impact is will depend on how carefully the resource is managed. Today, a wide variety of production and conversion methods exist, each with different environmental impacts. However, renewable energy sources can be considered sustainable in the sense that they cannot come to an end, although often, as is the case of biomass, they require an intelligent management (adequate use of water and readily degradable pesticides) if they are to be used sustainably. 

In all, Lavoisier s contributions span the entire field of modem chemistry— from the concept of chemical elements to the law of indestmctibility of matter and conservation of mass in chemical transformations, from the theories of combustion to the foundation of thermochemistry, from chemical nomenclature to the mathematization and quantification of chemistry. Bertholet describes Lavoisier s influence on chemistry as La revolution chimique. It has been noted that a book on chemistry written before his time would not be intelligible to a student unacquainted with the history of chemistry, while Lavoisier s Trade elementaire de Chimie reads like a rather old edition of a modern textbook. 

Another type of monitor is a field mounted hazardous or toxic gas detection device. Such permanent gas detection systems (see Figure 11-7) protects personnel and equipment finm virtually any toxic or combustible gases through audible and visual alarms in the field and/ or on a control board. Permanent gas detection systems consist of a combination of transmitters, intelligent sensors, controllers, and accessories. These types of monitors are used to ... 

This synthesis approach is tuned toward real-time applications appearing in mechatronic systems, such as an adaptive shock absorber, a combustion engine controller, intelligent tire friction control, volume stream measurement, etc. A large number of microelectronic subcomponent designs have been studied [8]. As a result, it was found that the designs typically share the following common characteristics ... 

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