Combustion, heat Storage

SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Experimental reproductive effects. May undergo spontaneous combustion in storage. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. 

The thermal black process operates discontinuously and generally utilizes natural gas as a feedstock. A production unit consists of two cylindrical furnaces connected to one another, in which refractory bricks are piled one on top of another for heat storage with a large cavity in between. The two furnaces are operated alternately while the first furnace is being heated to the reaction temperature (ca. 1300 to 1500°C) with a stoichiometric mixture of air and combustible gas (mainly natural gas), natural gas is fed into the second already heated furnace and is thermally pyrolyzed. Since the reaction is endothermic, the furnace cools and the gas flows are switched when a critical minimum temperature is reached and the first furnace utilized, while the second is heated up again. The cycle time is about 5 minutes. 

For combustion, liquid phosphorus is displaced from a closed, steam-heated storage tank by metering in hot water (Fig. 10.2), to a burner which uses compressed air to finely atomize the phosphorus. Additional combustion air then completes the oxidation to produce phosphorus pentoxide and a great... 

Bunker B, or No. 5, fuel oil has a lower proportion of cat-cracked gas oil to pitch than No. 4 fuel oil, but still remains fluid down to storage temperatures of about 10°C. Combustion equipment must have some provision to heat the fuel prior to atomization, in order to obtain efficient combustion. Outside storage at temperatures below 10°C would require insulated tanks fitted for heating to enable the fuel to be pumped. 

DISPOSAL AND STORAGE METHODS absorb as much as possible in noncombustible materials such as dry earth, sand or vermiculite cautiously ignite small amounts in open areas atomize large amounts in a suitable combustion chamber with afterburner and scrubber store in a cool, dry place store in closed containers with adequate ventilation keep away from heat, sparks, and flame separate from acids, amines, alkalies, oxidizers, metal oxides, and combustibles outside storage preferred. 

Toxicok y Essentially nontoxic mild allergen may cause contact dermatitis, human intolerance reaction TSCA listed Precaution Combustible when heated Storage Store away from heat... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. COj from combustion heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes HMIS Health 0, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0 Storage Light-sensitive... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. combustion COx Storage Light-sensitive store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, flames keep tightly closed... 

MWCNTs inside the epoxy resin also play an important role in the flame retardant properties. Hame retardation by MWCNTs may hinder the spread of fire to other places due to the formation of gel-type epoxy resin even during combustion [95]. A clay such as MMT has a high specific heat thus, MMT can act as a heat storage medium [87, 95]. During combustion of the complex, the appUed thermal energy can be stored in MMT and hinder the spread of thermal energy to the epoxy resin [87, 95]. 

Precaution Combustible solid wear protective gloves with long sleeves, chemical goggles, respirator If dusty conditions prevail Incompat. with strong oxidizers Hazardous Decomp. Prods. CO, CO2, combustible gases Storage Store In cool, dry area away from direct heat, sunlight A-C 316 [Honeywell Specialty Materials]... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Incomplete combustion produces CO NFPA Health 1, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0 Storage Avoid prolonged heated storage Jeecol PMA-3 [Jeen Int l ]... 

Toxicology Low toxicity from oral exposure harmful if swallowed, likely producing Gl irrilalion, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea not known to be skin/eye irritants excessive exposure to mists may cause nose/Ihroat irritation Precaution Combustible avoid contact with strong oxidizers Storage Heated storage rec. store 66 C max. handle R.T. or above (120-140 F to be pumped)... 

Synonyms Cera alba White beeswax While wax Yellow beeswax Yellow wax DefiniSon Purified wax from the honeycomb of the bee, Aprs meWfera commonly called white wax when bleached, yellow wax when not bleached Properties Brown or wh. (bleached) solid with taint odor si. balsamic taste pract. insol. in water si. sol. in cold alcohol sol. in hot alcohol, chloroform, benzene, ether, CS2, and oils dens. 0.95 m.p. 62-65 C acid no. 17-24 sapon. no. 84 Toxicology Essentially nonloxic mild allergen may cause contact dermatitis, human intolerance reaction TSCA listed Precaution Combustible when heated Storage Store away from heat... 

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