Series inductance

Now the situation is different, as resonance and ferro-rcsonance effects in the series inductive-capacitive circuits may cause dangerous overvoltages. 

However small, the reactive kVAr of series inductance may be, it would offset as much of the capacitive kVAr. It would be worth while therefore to keep this aspect in mind to ensure that the capacitive kVAr chosen to improve the p.f. of the system to a certain level is not over-adjusted. Otherwise a higher capacitive kVAr would become necessary to achieve the same level of p.f. as was envisaged initially. In the above case,... 

It can also be applied to an HT distribution network that has a high series inductive reactance to improve its receiving-end voltage. 

L = series inductance in the circuit in henry R = series resistance in the circuit in Q. 

Every eapaeitor has a small resistanee and induetanee in series with the spee-ified eapaeitanee of the eapaeitor. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) and equivalent series inductance (ESL) are parasitie elements eaused by the eon-struetion of the eapaeitor. Both tend to isolate the internal eapaeitanee from the signal on its terminals. Henee a eapaeitor will have its best eharaeteristies at de, but may behave more poorly at the switehing frequeney of the supply. 

Answer Yes, but only to some extent. The overall ESL (equivalent series inductance) and ESR are reduced,... 

The equivalent series resistance (ESR) and equivalent series inductance (ESL) of the output capacitor substantially control the output ripple. Use an output capacitor with low ESR and ESL. Surface mount Tantalums, surface mount polymer electrolytic and polymer electrolytic and polymer Tantalum, Sanyo OS-CON, or multilayer ceramic capacitors are recommended. Electrolytic capacitors are not... 

The R-X plot shows the most variation in the subthreshold region, while the G-B plot shows the most variation above threshold. One sees from the G-B plot that the high frequency response of the diode is independent of bias (>1 MHz). To fit the data, one models each material phase or interface as a parallel R-C combination. These combinations are then added in series, and an overall series resistance and series inductance are added. For the data in Figure 10.6, three R-C elements are used. One R-C element is associated with the Schottky barrier. Another is associated with the high frequency bias-independent arc, which we believe is associated with the capacitance of the alkoxy-PPV. The thinness of the film... 

Regioselectivity in the exchange of formally equal halogens can be found also outside the heterocyclic series. Inductive effects appear to be the controlling factor. For example, 3,3, 5-tribromodibenzyl ether (l,3-dibromo-5-[(3-bromophenyhnethoxy)methyl]benzene 5) is exclusively converted into 3-bromo-5-[(3-bromophenylmethoxy)methyl]benzoic acid (equation 3) when treated consecutively with butyUithium in tetrahydrofuran at —75 °C and dry ice. 

Additional delay may be imposed by the capacitive loading of branch lines, receivers, and bonding pads attached to the interconnection or by the series inductance of vias or wire bonds. If the additional capacitance can be assumed to be uniformly distributed over the interconnection with electrically short spacing (an assumption that is not always valid), the modified propagation delay (Tpd ) is given by (37)... 

FIGURE 11.9 Basic capacitor electrical equivalent circuit comprising a capacitance, a series inductance, a series resistance, and a parallel resistance. This simple model can fit a DLC behavior in first approximation for a given frequency. 

Rectification — is defined as the conversion of -> alternating current, AC, into pulsating -> direct current, DC, by any means other than the use of a motor-generator. That is, the AC is primarily converted by use of a -> rectifier into (unfiltered) unidirectional half-cycles. The percentage ratio of the DC output voltage to the peak AC input voltage of a certain rectifier device is called rectification efficiency. A circuit containing parallel -> capacitance, sometimes in combination with series inductance, is afterwards frequently applied as rectification filter in order to smooth the ripple in the DC current output. A combined device of rectifier and filter is called rectifier-filter system. 

But any real-world component also comes along with various reactive parasitics. For example an inductor can have a significant parasitic capacitance across its terminals — associated with electrostatic effects between the layers of its windings. A capacitor can also have an equivalent series inductance ( ESL ) — coming from the small inductances associated with its leads, foil, and terminations. Similarly, a mosfet also has various parasitics — for example the unseen capacitances present between each of its terminals (within the package). In fact, these mosfet parasitics play a major part in determining the limits of its switching speed (transition times). 

Theoretical filter performance is based on the assumption that we are using ideal components. However, real-life inductors are always accompanied by some winding resistance (DCR) and some inter-winding capacitance. Similarly, real capacitors have an equivalent series resistance (ESR) and an equivalent series inductance (ESL). 

The voltage drop in a cable is due to its series resistance and series inductive reactance. The shunt capacitive reactance is usually too large to be considered for cables installed in a typical plant. However, for long distance high voltage cables, such as submarine cables, the shunt capacitance may need to be included in the calculations of voltage drop. 

Let the series resistance be R ohms, the series inductive reactance be Xi ohms and the total shunt capacitive reactance Xc ohms for a cable of 1 kilometre. Manufacturers usually quote the shunt capacitance data in microfarads/km. 

Microwave in Microfiuidics, Fig. 3 Distributed element model for transmission lines. On a transmission line segment with a length of Ax, the electrical signal experiences a series inductance due to the magnetic field generated by the current, a series resistance due to the conductive losses over the conductive wire, a parallel capacitance due to the electric field developed between the two conductive lines, and a parallel conductance due to the current leaked through the insulating material... 

Figure 4.1.51. Impedance spectrum of a symmetrical cell with composite cathode on both sides, fitted to two different circuits. The solid lines show the total fit, while the dashed Unes show the impedances of the individual elements. The composite layer consists of Zr02 (8 mol% Y2O3) and Lao.ssSro.isMni.ioOi in equal proportions and the current collector is porous platinum paste. The measurement was made in air, at 850°C. The data were corrected for the series inductance of the measurement rig, determined in short circuit.

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