America colonial

Wilkinson, Ronald Sterne. The alchemical library of John Winthrop, Jr. (1606-1676) and his descendants in Colonial America. Ambix 11, no. 1 (Feb 1963) 33-51. 

Pharmacy practice in the United States was founded on the shoulders of independent community pharmacy owners. Beginning with the earliest apothecary shops in colonial America, independent practices manufactured most medications that were provided to customers. In the early 1800s, apothecaries and drug stores became more prominent in cities and towns (Higby,... 

The natural dyes industry was more than just a cottage industry in Colonial America. Indigo was a very important cash crop in South Carolina among the coastal islands and for some distance inland. Plantations existed well into the early 1900s despite the growth of the synthetic dyestuff industry. 

The family Moraceae was named after the mulberry. Modus. The red mulberry. Modus rubra, is native to North America, where it occurs in moist woodlands. It produces a tasty, juicy fruit which is favored by birds, and although it is also good for people to eat, it is not economically important. The white mulberry. Modus alba, is native to Asia. In China, leaves of the white mulberry are fed to cultivated silkworms, a type of moth larva. The white mulberry became naturalized in North America during unsuccessful attempts to establish a silk industry in colonial America. Unlike the native red mulberry, the white mulberry is somewhat weedy, and is often found around homes, in disturbed sites, along fencerows, and in moist, second-growth bottomlands. Fruits of the white mulberry may be white, pink, red, or deep purple. The dark purple fruits inspired the name Modus nigra, although taxonomists have since determined this plant to only be a variety of Modus alba. 

Potash was a widely used material in Colonial America. People used the compound to make soap, glass, and dozens of other products. At the time, potash was easy to get. All one had to do was burn a tree and collect potash from its ashes. 

Let s look at the following paragraph from a story on colonial America by author Barbara Cole. 

Perloff JM, Wachter ML (1979) The new jobs tax credit An evaluation of the 1977-78 wage subsidy program. American Economic Review 69 173-179 Quigley WP (1996) Work or starve Regulation of the poor in colonial America. University of San Francisco Law Review 35(4) 42-81... 

In Colonial America, food preservation was only a little more advanced. Meats were sliced thin and salted, then dried in the sun. Large pieces of meat were salted or brined and then slowly smoked and dried. This could only be done in the latter part of the year, as the outside temperature had to be below forty degrees. 

The present commercial route starts with the highly toxic aniline and produces waste salts. An even greener way to indigo would be to raise it as a crop as done in Colonial America. A new commercial strain produces five times more indigo than the usual plant.472... 

The book s next section explores the role of chemistry in early pre- and post-colonial America. The roots of early American chemistry lie in Edinburgh, Scotland where Joseph Black influenced the first generation of American professors of chemistry. Benjamin Eranklin was very knowledgeable about chemistry... 

In colonial America, lead was known to cause disease in printers and rum distillers, and was famous for causing cider colic, a condition produced by drinking cider stored in pewter vessels from which lead leached in large amounts. Benjamin Franklin spoke of it in his correspondence with Dr. Benjamin Rush, a noted physician of the time. 

A spread for bread which is made by the prolonged cooking of a mixture of apple pulp and sugar until it turns to a dark brown color and has a caramel flavor. The rural people of Colonial America sometimes added apple cider, orange peels, and quinces to their apple butter. About 2 lb (1.1 kg) of cored, peeled apples (which is equivalent to 3 lb [1.35 kg] of fresh apples) are required to make 1 lb (0.45 kg) of apple butter. 

Colcothar is listed as a domestic pigment in eighteenth century colonial America by Candee (1967). 

Candee (1967) Candee, Richard M. House paints in colonial America their materials, manufacture and application Part III. Nomenclature of painters materials available in eighteenth century America (continued) - red, blue and yellow pigments Color... 

Parliamentary procedme evolved over several centuries in England, and many of those rules were used in Colonial America. In modern times, the most... 

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