Moraceae family

Prenylated flavonoids contain one or two isoprenyl, geranyl, dimethylallyl, and lavandulyl on the skeleton. They have limited distribution and are mostly isolated from the Moraceae family. Chi et al. isolated 19 prenylated flavonoids from six different genera of Chinese medicinal plants and evaluated inhibition activities on eicosanoid metabolisms with multiple cell line models [189]. Two 8-lavandulylated flavanones, kurarinone and sophoraflavanone G, were discovered to be dual inhibitors. They possessed the most potent COX-1 inhibitory activities with IC50 less than 1 pM comparable with that of indomethacin. Sophoraflavanone G isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescense Art (Fabaceae) also had potent 5-LOX inhibition activity with an IC50 below 0.25 pM. 

As presently classified, cannabis is included along with the hops plant (Humulus) in a distinct family called Cannabaceae, although some botanists still prefer to assign it to the Moraceae family which also includes the mulberry plant to which cannabis was closely tied in ancient China. 

Benzophenones and xanthones are known to co-occur in the Clusiaceae [1], and the garciduols (74, 75, 84) are three benzophenone-xanthone dimers [27,64]. The cudraphenones (33, 37, 42, 37), a group of benzophenones isolated from the Moraceae family, are prenylated on the A- and B-rings [47], These are the only four compounds that are prenylated on both the A- and B-rings. 

The Moraceae family lies within the order Rosales in the eurosid clade 1, rather close to the cluster of Erythroxylaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Rhizophoraceae (Figure 5). Calystegines were reported for M. alba and M. bombycis only (25,28,40). The family is much larger, however, with 38 genera and 110 species. This family should also be examined systematically for calystegine alkaloids. 

Although unrelated, these three families are the source of unique alkaloids that share common features. They are ficine (61) and isoficine (62) from Ficus pantoniana King (Moraceae) (107), vochysine (63) from the fruit of Vochysia guianensis (Aubl.) Poir. (Vochysiaceae) (108), and phyllospadine (64) from the seaweed Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino (Zosteraceae) (109). 

Three species of cannabis. Reprinted with permission from Schultes RE, Hofman A. (1980). The Botany and Chemistry of Hallucinogens, 2nd ed. Springfield, III. Charles C Thomas Publishers, but later assigned to the Fig family (Moraceae) (Schultes and Flofmann 1992). Today it is classified in its own family, Cannabaceae, of which the Humulus genus (Flops) is also a member. Three species of cannabis are recognized C. indica, C. ruderalis, and C. sativa (figure 10.3). 

Plants that can cause photodermatitis include carrots, celery, parsnip, dill, fennel, caraway, parsley, lovage, anise, and chervil among the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae, or carrot family), figs (Moraceae), and citrus fruits (grapefruit, lemon, lime. 

Table 16.2 lists more than 80 examples of new isoprenylated chalcones reported in the period 1992 to 2003 (see also Figure 16.7). Almost half of the compounds described here are from the Leguminosae, a trend that is also evident in earlier surveys. Other plant families that are well represented in Table 16.2 are the Moraceae and the Cannabinaceae. The literature on isoprenylated flavonoids in general has been reviewed by Barron and Ibrahim to the end of 1994 57 jjjg phenolic constituents of Glycyrrhiza species (licorice), among which are many isoprenylated chalcones, were the subject of an extensive review that includes literature published up to the end of 1996. Nomura and Hano have reviewed the literature on isoprenylated phenolic compounds of the Moraceae to the end of 1993. More recent descriptions of isoprenylated flavonoids are available for the hop plant, Humulus lupulus (Cannabinaceae),and the Moraceae genera Artocarpus and Dorstenia. ... 

Coumarins occur abundantly in various plant families, e.g. Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Moraceae, Poaceae, Rutaceae and Sola-naceae. However, the Apiaceae alt. Umbelliferae) and the Rutaceae are the two most important coumarin-producing plant families. 

The genus Broussonetia L Her. ex Vent, of the Moraceae (mulberry family) is represented by lactiferous trees or shrubs. Broussonetia comprises about 30 species and is distributed throughout various regions of the world including Africa, East Asia, and North America [1,2]. Thus far, only three species of the genus Broussonetia have been studied for their secondary metabolites, namely, B. kazinoki, B. papyrifera, and B. zeylanica. 

A family of tropical and warm areas with some in temperate regions, the Moraceae furnish several edible fruits, including mulberries and figs. The well-known and economically important hops as well as Cannabis were previously included in this family. 

Morus alba (mulberry) (Moraceae) [root bark] Morus alba (mulberry) (Moraceae) [root bark] Animals - endogenous Bombesin family peptide... 

Species of the mulberry family may be either monoecious or dioecious, depending on whether male and female flowers occur on the same plant (monoecious) or on separate plants (dioecious). Flowers of the Moraceae are in tightly packed groups, known as heads, spikes, catkins, or umbels. Fig flowers are produced inside a synconium, a hollow fleshy structure. The small flowers lack petals. Male flowers consist of four sepals, which are usually leaf-like appendages, and four stamens. Female flowers consist of four sepals and a pistil with a two-chambered ovary. 

The family Moraceae was named after the mulberry. Modus. The red mulberry. Modus rubra, is native to North America, where it occurs in moist woodlands. It produces a tasty, juicy fruit which is favored by birds, and although it is also good for people to eat, it is not economically important. The white mulberry. Modus alba, is native to Asia. In China, leaves of the white mulberry are fed to cultivated silkworms, a type of moth larva. The white mulberry became naturalized in North America during unsuccessful attempts to establish a silk industry in colonial America. Unlike the native red mulberry, the white mulberry is somewhat weedy, and is often found around homes, in disturbed sites, along fencerows, and in moist, second-growth bottomlands. Fruits of the white mulberry may be white, pink, red, or deep purple. The dark purple fruits inspired the name Modus nigra, although taxonomists have since determined this plant to only be a variety of Modus alba. 

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