The Early Americans

The Early Americans who delivered their messages to the Japanese in the early 1950s. 

The New Western Wave of the 1970-1980s, concentrating on Quality Awareness. 

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Relationships between the Early American School of Carbohydrate Chemistry and the British... 

Jewel Powder. One of the early American smokeless proplnts of the Ballistite type (See Vol 2 of Encycl, p B8-L) proposed by Monroe Ref Daniel (1902), pp 387 447... 

Despite the name, turkeys have no relation to the country of Turkey. Turkeys are native to North America and were first domesticated by the Aztecs. The many varieties of the domesticated turkey that exist today are descendants of the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). The other species of turkey (genus Meleagris) is the ocellated (the tail feathers of both sexes are bluish-grey with an eye-shaped, blue-bronze spot near the end with a bright gold tip) turkey (M. ocellata), which is found in southern Mexico. Wild turkey was hunted by the early American colonists. 

The discovery, isolation and final synthesis of a whole group of new compounds essential to health in a balanced diet was another triumph of the chemist. These compounds called vitamins A, Ba or G, C, D, E, K, and several others closely associated with vitamin Ba, such as niacin, pantothenic acid, inositol, para-amino benzoic acid, choline, pyndoxine (Be), biotin (H), folic acid and Bn, prevent deficiency diseases such as xerophthalmia (an eye disease), beriberi, pellagra, scurvy, rickets, sterility (in rats), excessive bleeding and so forth. Professors Elmer V. McCollum and Herbert M. Evans, and Joseph Goldberger were among the early American pioneers in this field of research. Drugs, anaesthetics, and medicines like procaine, cyclopropane, dramamme, ephedrine, aspirin, phenace-tin, urotropin, veronal, quinine, and strychnine have been synthesized to alleviate the pains of mankind. The essential... 

When catalysts were first used to meet the early American regulations, their location often reflected the existing space available in the design of the underside of the vehicle. Accordingly, most catalysts were fitted beneath the car, and therefore potentially some distance away from the engine. As a consequence of the use of catalysts being new to the automotive industry there was some concern over their ability to last for 50,(XX) miles. Location in the underfloor position, where the exhaust gas temperature was lower, could be considered a benefit in this respect, and this position soon became a standard. Of course, performance requirements at that time were considerably less than today. 

A textbook of great appeal to early American chemists is that of Frederick Accum, entitled A System of Theoretical and Practical Chemistry (item 20). Several early American chemists—Benjamin Silliman of Yale, James Freeman Dana of Dartmouth, John Gorham of Harvard—studied in his laboratory in London (J). One of the early American textbooks used in training medical students was that of Amos Eaton, a professor of natural philosophy and chemistry in the Vermont Academy of Medicine. His book is entitled Philosophical Instructor (item 30). 

The British contribution to an understanding of how germ attacks might be carried out was considerable, although Porton Down carried out far fewer such tests. Much of the early American work on how clouds might drift over a city was based on the results of experiments conducted by Porton scientists in which they released smoke clouds in built up areas of Salisbury, Wiltshire, just down the road from the Microbiological Research Establishment, and at Southampton in Hampshire. 

From the early American epidemiological surveys it became evident that many lead-exposed children were remaining undiagnosed because of their non-specific symptoms, and because of a lack of a convenient method for... 

Philadelphia became the center of the early American sulfuric acid industry. By the 1850 s, several firms were manufacturing acid in the city and environs ... 

Herman arrived in Philadelphia at the home of his imcle in August 1868. As diseussed previously, Philadelphia was the heart of the early American chemical industry and was the center of sulfuric acid production. The yoimg Frasch, though, did not join one of the major chemical firms, but worked in the pharmacy business. Then, pharmacies were more than dispensers of medicines. They were a place to obtain practical training in chemistry outside of imiversity and provided chemical consulting services. 

Reingold, 1976. Nathan Reingold. Definitions and Speculations The Professionalization of Science in America in the Nineteenth Century . In The Pursuit of Knowledge in the Early American Republic, edited by Alexandra Oleson and Sanborn C. Brown, 33-69. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press. 

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