Apothecary shop

In 1778 Scheele published his analysis of the so-called lead ore (molybdenite), then known as molybdaena. I do not mean the ordinary lead ore, said he, that is met with in the apothecaries shops, for this is very different from that concerning which I now wish to communicate my experiments to the Royal Academy. I mean here that which in Cronstedt s Mineralogy is called molybdaena membranacea nitens and with which Qvist and others probably made their experiments. The kinds I had occasion to submit to tests were got in different places, but they were all found to be of the same nature and composed of the same constituents ... 

During his first three years in the city, the boy worked in various apothecary shops, and in his leisure moments studied Latin and botany. One of these pharmacies was owned by M. Cheradame, a cousin of the famous chemist, Antoine-Framyois de Fourcroy. When M. Cheradame told Fourcroy about young Vauquelin s fondness for chemistry, Fourcroy immediately engaged the hoy as his assistant and took him home. Four-croy s unmarried sisters treated the young assistant with all gentleness and kindness, and on one occasion he owed his recovery from a serious illness to their motherly care, an act of kindness which he never forgot. 

Friedrich Stromeyer, 1776-1835. German physician, botanist, chemist, and pharmacist. Inspector-general of all the Hanoverian apothecary shops. Discoverer of the element cadmium. His collection of thirty mineral analyses is a classic of analytical chemistry. 

Obliged to leave school at the age of eighteen years, he became an apprentice in the Bandry apothecary shop located at the intersection of Rue Pemelle and Rue Saint Denis in Paris. Here his ready knowledge of chemistry enabled him to save the life of a man who had swallowed arsenic in an attempt at suicide (21, 22). In 1872 Moissan decided to give up his position at the pharmacy in order to study under Edmond Fremy at the Musee d Histoire Naturelle. Here he not only made rapid progress in chemistry and pharmacy, but also became a connoisseur of art and litera-... 

Now I understood his curdled mood. Clairvoyance is exhausting and drains him. He had not had time to go into trance while I was changing and eating, so he had done it while I was out. I wondered if he had sent me off on that wild, drenching trek around the apothecaries shops just to keep me out of his way, but that seemed unnecessarily callous even for him. 

Pharmacy practice in the United States was founded on the shoulders of independent community pharmacy owners. Beginning with the earliest apothecary shops in colonial America, independent practices manufactured most medications that were provided to customers. In the early 1800s, apothecaries and drug stores became more prominent in cities and towns (Higby,... 

But one must not forget that this Mercury is not that which is sold in apothecary shops. 

And yet alchemical laboratories proliferated in the early modern period as alchemy s visibility rose. In the cities, courts, and cloisters of the Holy Roman Empire, practitioners and patrons with the means to do so built special buildings for their alchemical work, while others improvised with whatever spaces were available kitchens, churches, apothecary shops, and workshops. Archival remnants of some of these spaces do, in fact, remain these bits and pieces—inventories, architectural details, supply orders, and reports—offer a glimpse of their contours and how space organized the activity inside that can complement the work of archaeologists. This view from the laboratory floor, as it were, not only can begin to fill in some very basic details about how space was employed to organize the production... 

For all the dmg wholesalers and fledgling manufacturing concerns, the bulk of pharmacy care took place in either the physician s office or, in more cosmopolitan settings, the apothecary shop. Even by the beginning of the twentieth century, the majority of physicians stiU dispensed their own medicines. 28 They prescribed and compounded a wide variety of vegetable, mineral, and animal substances, but a review of the 1860 United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) indicates that 587 (or 67 percent) of the total number of 871 medicinal substances listed therein were botanical.29 Some of the more popular were cinchona, sometimes referred to as Pemvian bark, and its refined counterpart, sulfate of quinine, both used as antiperiodics O opium from Papaver somniferum, the powerful narcotic and anodyne (i.e., pain reliever) of choice for many physicians of the day, as well... 

Ludlow was only sixteen years old when he first came under the spell of cannabis. Intrigued by the smells of medicines, he used to loiter about the apothecary shop of a pharmacist friend, a man named Anderson. The smells in the shop, he says, were "an aromatic invitation to scientific musing." Ludlow did more than muse, however. Not content merely to inhale the odors of the various concoctions that stood on the shelves, "with a disregard for my own safety, I made upon myself the trial of the effects of every strange drag and chemical which the laboratory could produce." Among those he sampled were chloroform, ether, and opium. 

The College of Physicians was founded in 1518 by Henry VIII, and in 1540 one of the earliest British statutes on the control of drugs was passed (32 Henry VIII c.40 for Physicians and their Privileges), which empowered the physicians to appoint four inspectors of apothecary wares, drugs and stuffs . Section 2 of the Act gave the physicians the right to search Apothecaries shops for faulty wares, with the assistance of the Wardens of the said mysterie of Apothecaries within the said City . If the search showed drugs that were defective, corrupted and not meet nor convenient to be ministered in any medicines for the health of man s body , the searchers were to call for the Warden of the Apothecaries and the defective wares were to be burnt or otherwise destroyed. 

Records of visitations of apothecaries shops and premises from which medicines were sold exist in The College Library for the years 1724-1754. It is clear from these records that the College Censors... 

To finish with, here is a cocktail which was often used to good effect in the 18th and 19th centuries as a display in apothecaries shop windows. ... 

That those who desire this so pleasant, so efficacious, and profitable a remedy may not be abused by the base counterfeit oil of vitriol, corruptly called oil of sulphur, because it has been once distilled from common unwholesome brimstone, and tmcted with some bark or root of which the town is full, and all apothecaries shops, to the great abuse of art, but much greater of those who make use of it instead of the... 

FIGURE 43. Painting in a fifteenth-century manuscript depicting the eleventh-century Persian physician Avicenna (Abu Ali-al Hussin ibn Abdallah ibn Sina, 980-1037) in an apothecary shop. See color plates. ( Archivo iconografico, S.A./CORBIS). 

When Anno 1579, I staid at Basil, a certain married man (it was that brazen bearded Apothecary that dwelt in the Apothecaries shop) he fearing that his stopple was too weak to drive forth his wifes chastity the first night, consulted one of the chief Physicians, who was most famous, that he might have some stifte prevalent Medicament, whereby he might the sooner dispatch his journey. 

Figure 2.2 Apothecaries premises on the High Street, Oxford, in the late 17th century. College and church sites remain unchanged. The shaded area (between the buildings marked 9 and 10 on the High Street) was cleared of its original properties c. 1873 to make way for King Edward Street and the Oriel Square development. Apothecaries shops and other laboratories marked on the map are listed below, with the modern number of the premises.

The role played by the Amsterdam chemical and chemico-pharmaceutical reading circles in the founding of a national pharmaceutical society perfectly illustrates the social position of Dutch chemistry in the early 1840s. Chemistry was closely linked to pharmacy and medicine, but was not a profession in its own right. During the first two years of the NMBP, the Amsterdam pharmacists had been quite liberal with respect to membership of the new society. Everybody interested in the advancement of pharmacy could join. As a result there were several manufacturers of chemicals, medical doctors and chemists and druggists among the early members. But in 1845 it was decided that full membership should be restricted to pharmacists who owned an apothecary shop. Since that date, even true pharmacists who had passed the provincial examinations, and who therefore were entitled to call themselves apothecaries , but who did not have their own shop, could only become associate members. 

As I was last harvest inspecting the apothecaries shops in the principality of Hildesheim, in consequence with the general inspection of the apothecaries of the kingdom having been entrusted to me by our most gracious Regency,... 

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