Collection of objects

Equation (Bl.9.5) gives the total amplitudes of scattering from a collection of objects and is a good starting point for the derivation of interference phenomena associated with molecular size. 

We shall often be dealing with sets of objects of some kind. A set, which we will label by capital letters A, B,. .is a collection of objects, denoted by lowercase letters a, b, , which are members (or elements) of the set. Finite sets may be defined by explicitly listing all of their members if the set A consists of the three elements a, b, c, for example, we would write A = a, b, c. We also write a A to mean that a belongs to the set A. Arbitrary sets may sometimes be more conveniently specified by some property V, which is shared by all of their members. For example, the set... 

Everything in Swarm is an object with three main characteristics Name, Data and Rules. An object s Name consists of an ID that is used to send messages to the object, a type and a module name. An object s Data consists of whatever local data (i.e. internal state variables) the user wants an agent to possess. The Rules are functions to handle any messages that are sent to the object. The basic unit of Swarm is a swarm a collection of objects with a schedule of event over those objects. Swarm also supplies the user with an interface and analysis tools. 

An ongoing assessment is one that is made at the time of each patient contact and may include the collection of objective data, subjective data, or both. The scope of an ongoing assessment depends on many factors, such as the patient s diagnosis, the severity of illness, the response to treatment, and the prescribed medical or surgical treatment. 

The extent of the assessment and collection of objective and subjective data before and after a drug is administered will depend on the type of drug and the reason for its use... 

Clustering is the process of dividing a collection of objects into groups (or clusters) so that the objects within a cluster are highly similar whereas objects in different clusters are dissimilar [41]. When applied to databases of compounds, clustering methods require the calculation of all the pairwise similarities of the compounds with similarity measures such as those described previously, for example, 2D fingerprints and the Tanimoto coefficient. 

Section 2.4 abstracts from individual objects and snapshots of their attribute values to a type model, which characterizes all objects having these attributes. Here, we introduce parameterized attributes graphical associations between objects, collections of objects, and type constants and type combination operators. 

Object abstraction gives us the ability to treat a whole collection of objects—people, hardware, software, or a mixture—as a single thing with a definable behavior. This can be applied on the large scale of complete computer systems and businesses or on the small scale such as software sets and lists. 

That said, a running component is often manifested as a collection of objects and can be usefully treated as though it were one large-grained object, based on our approach to... 

When we specify a component, we take for granted the underlying architecture—mechanisms for registration to receive an output and the like—and focus on a higher-level specification. Including outputs in a specification (marked output property , output event , and so on or the equivalent solid arrow notation) implies that all this is assumed. A component specification takes the form of a single type description but as always in Catalysis, it can be refined and implemented as a collection of objects. 

Our new developments work on a model base. The human body can be modelled as a system of objects connected together by joints with one or more degrees of freedom. Tracking motion of human body can be formulated as the real-time visual tracking of kinematic chains. A kinematic object is a collection of objects connected by joints. With... 

The method for converting dual-energy data into a color-coded image is a task that embodies many subtleties [64]. Conceptually, the X-ray image can be broken down according to an optimized attenuation, which sets a pixel s intensity, and Zgfp, which sets the hue. The optimized attenuation is a combination of HI and LO attenuations. Each pixel s attenuation is a composite of the attenuation produced by aU objects in that line s path from the X-ray source and to the corresponding detector. This projection X-ray view superimposes a 3-D collection of objects into a 2-D data-space representation. 

This kind of evidence , which in any case is utterly unsuited to prove claims of mass murder, has a particularly tragic aspect, in that for some strange reason such collections of objects impress the average viewer as especially convincing, and ensure a fundamental feeling of consternation, as was revealed by the movie Todesmuhlen, which was shown to the German people after the war and which contained scenes of this sort.48... 

There may be as great as a 1,000-fold variation in bacterial counts from leaf to leaf assayed from apparently similar leaves in similar canopy positions at the same sampling period (35,100). Most data sets obtained from plate counts of bean and corn leaves are described by a log normal distribution, indicating that on individual leaves or leaHets the spatial distribution of bacterial cells are not uniform within a canopy (35,100). A log normal distribution tends to reflect the fact that chance effects of random variables are acting on a large and diverse collection of objects (in this case bacteria). Interestingly, a similar study on wheat leaves indicated that bacterial counts were best described by a log normal distribution, but counts of yeasts (mainly Cryptococcus spp. and Sporobolomyces spp.) and Cladosporium spp. colonies appeared normally distributed (101). Much more work needs to be done, particularly with regard to host, host age, environmental factors, and position of the sample within a canopy, before the spatial distribution of these microbes can adequately be described. 

You can also refer to collections of objects. A collection is a group of objects of the same kind. A collection has the plural form of the object s name (e.g.. Worksheets). Worksheets refers to all worksheets in a particular workbook. To reference a particular worksheet, you use the reference Worksheets(A/amerext) for example, Worksheets("Spectrum1"). 

Often you use a loop structure to search through an array or collection of objects, looking for a certain value or property. Once you find a match, you don t need to cycle through the rest of the loops. You can exit from the loop using the Exit For (from a For...Next loop or For Each...Next loop) or Exit Do (from a Do While... loop). The Exit statement will normally be located within an If statement. For example. 

A collection of objects described by one or more variables. An object is a basic unit in data analysis, e.g. an individual, a molecule, an experiment. Each object is described by one or more measurements, called data. A variable represents a characteristic of the objects that may take any value from a specified set, e.g. a physico-chemical property, a molecular descriptor. 

A system is a collection of objects that interact to create a unified whole, such as a cell culture system, a rat, or a human. The type of models that are of interest in this book are mathematical models that represent the system of interest and can be used to explore the structure and behavior of the system (Wastney et al., 1997). A more simplistic definition might be that a mathematical model defines how you think your data were generated. Most famous mathematical models can be found in chemistry and physics, such as ... 

Pattern recognition Pattern recognition is a branch of artificial intelligence that provides an approach to solving the problem of recognizing an obscure property in a collection of objects from measurements made on the objects. 

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