Vascular disorder, collagen

Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) Uses immune system stimulant prevention/Rx of colds, flu as supportive th apy for colds chronic infxns of the resp tract lower urinary tract Action Stimulates phagocytosis cytokine production T resp cellular activity topically exerts anesthetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory effects Efficacy Not established may X severity duration of URI Available forms Caps w/ powdered herb equivalent to 300-500 mg, PO, tid pressed juice 6-9 mL, PO, once/d tine 2-4 mL, PO, tid (1 5 dilution) tea 2 tsp (4 g) of powdered herb in 1 cup of boiling water Noles/SE Fever, taste p -version, urticaria, angioedema Contra w/ autoimmune Dz, collagen Dz, progressive systemic Dz (TB, MS, collagen-vascular disorders), HIV, leukemia, may interfere w/ immunosuppressive therapy Interactions t Risk of disulfiram-like reaction W/ disulfiram, metronidazole T risk of exacerbation of HIV or AIDS W/ chinacea amprenavir, other protease inhibitors X effects OF azathioprine, basiliximab, corticosteroids, cyclosporine, daclizumab, econazole vag cream, muromonab-CD3, mycophenolate, prednisone, tacrolimus EMS Possible immunosuppression... 

Collagen-vascular disorders Giant cell arteritis, lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue syndromes, polymyositis, polymyalgia rheumatica, rheumatoid arthritis, temporal arteritis... 

Several disease states can alter complement concentrations. Complement concentrations frequently are found to be lower than normal during states of acute inflammation. Low complement concentrations often are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, collagen-vascular disorders, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, and subacute bacterial endocarditis. These states of apparent low complement concentrations generally are due to high rates of complement utilization that cannot be compensated for by increased complement synthesis. ... 

Chronic interstitial diseases associated with the collagen vascular disorders... 

Sato T, Fujita J, Yamadori I, et al. Non-specific interstitial pneumonia as the first chnical presentation of various collagen vascular disorders. Rheumatol Int 2006 26 551-555. 

Diseases Associated with Collagen-Vascular Disorders 151... 

Enhanced anticoagulant effects Endogenous factors that may be responsible for increased PT/INR response include the following Blood dyscrasias cancer collagen vascular disease CHF diarrhea elevated temperature hepatic disorders (eg, infectious hepatitis, jaundice) hyperthyroidism poor nutritional state steatorrhea vitamin K deficiency. 

Diseases that directly affect hepatic integrity include cirrhosis, viral infections, and collagen vascular diseases. Diseases that indirectly affect function include metabolic disorders (e.g., azotemia secondary to renal insufficiency) and cardiac disease. Although decreased left ventricular output can result in a decrease in hepatic arterial flow, right ventricular failure causes hepatic congestion, reducing the first-pass effect and delaying biotransformation. 

CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS (COLLAGEN VASCULAR DISEASES) ... 

Jansen, J.M., Schutte, A.J.H., I.D. Elema, I.D. etal. (1984). Local immune complexes and inflammatory response in patients with chronic interstitial pulmonary disorders associated with collagen vascular diseases. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 56, 311-320. 

Acquired Deficiency. Any cause of increased activation of C3 in vivo is usually associated with decreased plasma or serum concentrations. Disorders include the collagen vascular diseases, such as lupus nephritis, and severe infections. Activation may be through the classical or alternative pathways or both turnover is increased and extended by the pres-... 

Monocytosis (>800/mm of blood) occurs with some infections (e.g., tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, toxoplasmosis, bacterial endocarditis, and salmonellosis), collagen vascular diseases (rheumatoid arthritis and systematic lupus erythematosus), gastrointestinal disorders (ulcerative cohtis and alcoholic liver disease), leukemias, and up to 60% of nonhematologic malignancies, whereas abnormally low monocyte concentrations occur in patients with hairy cell leukemia or aplastic anemia." ... 

Other mutations of fibrillar collagen, or mutations that affect collagen-processing, cause Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), a group of heritable connective tissue disorders causing skin hyperextensibility, articular hypermobility, and tissue fragility. The 3 major types are classic (EDS-I and EDS-II), hypermobility (EDS-III) and vascular (EDS-IV). 

Vascular and collagen disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and others) Paraneoplastic syndrome (associated with lung, prostate, breast cancer, or hematological diseases)... 

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