Collagen disorders

FIGURE 16.20 (a) A normal electrophoresis pattern of blood serum, (b) An abnormal pattern, with elevated y-globulin, indicating the possibility of liver disease, collagen disorder, or infection. 

Collagen disorders Immunosuppression Acute rheumatic carditis, dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus... 

Mononucleosis Sexually transmitted diseases Tuberculosis Collagen disorder Systemic lupus erythematosus Metabolic disorders Electrolyte imbalance Hypokalemia Hyponatremia Hepatic encephalopathy... 

Several collagen disorders result from defects in the formation of cross-links (Chapter 11). The cross-linking disorders can be due to a hereditary deficiency of lysyl oxidase, inhibition of lysyl oxidase, deficiency of copper, defects in the formation of cross-links, or defects in their stabilization. The genetic deficiency of lysyl oxidase is characterized by Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IX (Table 25-5) and some forms of cutis laxa. Type IX Ehlers-Danlos syndrome patients exhibit extreme extensibility of the skin, cigarette-paper scarring, and easy bruisability. In cutis laxa, the skin is loose and inelastic and appears to be too large for the surface it covers. Some affected individuals exhibit deficiency of lysyl oxidase, presumably... 

Vascular and collagen disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and others) Paraneoplastic syndrome (associated with lung, prostate, breast cancer, or hematological diseases)... 

A polyclonal gammopathy is a secondary disease state caused by disorders such as liver disease, collagen disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic infection. It is characterized by the elevation of two or more (often all) immunoglobulins by several clones of plasma cells. Polyclonal increases are usually twice normal levels. 

Corticotropin, an anterior pituitary hormone, is indicated as a diagnostic test of adrenocortical function, as a replacement hormone, in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, in the treatment of severe allergic reactions, collagen disorders, dermatologic disorders, inflammation, and of infantile spasm. 

Deyl, Z. Adam, M. Separation methods for the study of collagen and treatment of collagen disorders. J. Chromatogr. 1989, 488, 161-197. 

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