Cocoa leaves

Cinnamic acid Natural balsam, cocoa leaves, cinnamol oil Carlina oxide Carline aeaulis L. 

Cocaine is a stimulant of the central nervous system, reduces hunger and, when applied directly to mucus membranes such as those lining the nose and mouth, produces anaesthesia and constriction of blood vessels. The drug is derived from the leaves of the erythroxylon coca, and for centuries, natives of Peru and Bolivia have chewed cocoa leaves for their stimulating effect. 

Cocaine, C17H21NO4, is obtained from cocoa leaves. It is crystalline, melts at 98°, and is levo-rotatory. It is used as a local anaesthetic. Cocaine appears to be a derivative of tropine. The structure of cocaine is represented by the following formula —... 

Ofori-Frimpong, K. and Rowell, D.F. (1999) The decomposition of cocoa leaves and their effects on phosphorus dynamics in tropical soil. European Journal of Soil Science 50, 1 65-1 72. 

Raja Harun RM, Hardwick K (1988) The effects of prolonged exposure to different light intensities on the photosynthesis of cocoa leaves. In 10th International cocoa research conference, Santo Domingo, pp 205-209... 

Basic drugs elicit a variety of physiological effects. Stimulants such as methamphetamine can act as haUudnogens at higher doses, while the opiate alkaloids are analgesic and promote general depression of the central nervous system. Many natural products, such as cocoa leaves, peyote, and khat leaves, have been used for hundreds of years. Some— for example, LSD and mescaline— are associated with religious explorations or celebrations. 

Coca paste The pasty material that results from crushing and mashing cocoa leaves for purposes of extracting cocaine. 

A short-term mulch such as leaf mold or fine bark will help to keep the soil moist. Cocoa shells are also suitable for annual plantings, but may be too rich for fertile soil. 

Many organic compounds are obtained from natural sources through extraction. This method takes advantage of the solubility characteristics of a particular organic substance with a given solvent. In the experiment here, caffeine is readily soluble in hot water and is thus separated from the tea leaves. Caffeine is one of the main substances that make up the water solution called tea. Besides being found in tea leaves, caffeine is present in coffee, kola nuts, and cocoa beans. As much as 5% by weight of the leaf material in tea plants consists of caffeine. 

Sulfur Heterocyclics. Sulfur containing compounds (thiols, thiophenes, thiazoles,. .. etc.) play a major role in the flavor of raw and processed foods. These compounds have characteristic flavor notes and the flavor thresholds are mostly low. Several reviews (ill, 112, 113) demonstrate the important role of sulfur compounds in food flavors. Organoleptic properties of these compounds may be pleasant, strong nut-like odor of U-methyl-5-vinylthiazole which is present in cocoa (llU) objectionable pyridine-like odor of thiazole (115) quinoline-like odor of benzothia-zole (ll6) strong tomato leaf-like odor of isobutylthiazole (117) and bread crust flavor of acetyl-2-thiazoline (ll8). A mixture of oxazoles, thiazoles, thiazolines, imidazoles, trithiolanes and... 

Ilex paraguayensis (Aquifoliaceae), Paullinia cupana (guarana) (Sapindaceae), Cola acuminata (cola), Theobroma cacao (cocoa) (Sterculiaceae) [seed], Camellia sinensis (tea) (Theaceae) [leaf] ... 

Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with adenosine, arformoterol, BCG vaccine, capsicum, carbimazole, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, clorazepate, cocoa, erythromycin, eucalyptus, fluvoxamine, halothane, influenza vaccines, mebendazole, methylprednisolone, nilutamide, oral contraceptives, prednisolone, prednisone, rasagiline, raspberry leaf, roxithromycin, St John s wort, torasemide, torsemide... 

Tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-) Acetylene Tetrachloride Tetrachloroethane Chlorotrifluoroethylene Trifluorochloroethylene Trifluorovinylch bride Methacrylic Acid Methyl Acrylic Acid Dichloroacetic Acid Nitropropane (2-) Cam phene Hexene Noryl GFN3 Cumene Hydroperoxide Bromobutyric Acid (2-) Methyl Methacrylate Cedar Wood Oil Lavender Oil Terpineol Eucalyptus Oil Tung Oil Sunflower Oil Soybean Oil Linseed Oil Cottonseed Oil Corn Oil Coconut Oil Benzalkonium Chloride Zephiran Chloride Creosote Cod Liver Oil Ceresin Castor Oil Bone Oil Pine Oil Rapeseed Oil Spermaceti Sperm Oil Tall Oil Cocoa Butter Red Oil Turkey Red Oil Neats Foot Oil Johnsons V fex 111 Palm Oil Vidden D Dowtherm Dowtherm A Lanolin Sassafras Oil Sandalwood Oil Santal Oil Rose Oil Nutmeg Butter Nutmeg Oil Cedar Leaf Oil Terpinyl Acetate Coal Tar Tar... 

Clary (Salvia sclarea) oil Clove Clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) extract Clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) leaf oil Clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) oil Clover Clover (Trifolium pratense) extract Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) buttery Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) extract Coffee (Coffea arabica) bean extract Cognac oil, green or white Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) oil Corn (Zea mays) silk Corn (Zea mays) silk extract Corn syrup solids... 

Some examples of successful commercial selective extractions are the removal of caffeine from coffee or the solubilization of nicotine from tobacco both accomplished on moist matrices to aid in selectively solubilizing the alkaloid component. Selective extraction has been demonstrated for the segregation of essential oil from other lipid components in natural extracts derived from fruits and for the separation of aroma components in cocoa butter from the base oil. Other enrichment SEE schemes that have been reported include the fractionation of carotenoid from leaf protein concentrate [25], the fortification of sterols in seed oils [26], and the isolation of lecithin (phospholipid-containing fraction) from triglycerides [27]. 

Thiazoles and pyrazines have somewhat similar sensory properties. Pittet and Hniza [54] and Ho and Jim [63] have reported that the alkylthiazoles give green, nutty, roasted, vegetable, or meaty notes. Trimethyl thiazole is reported to have a cocoa, nutty character. 2-isobutyl thiazole is one of the best known thiazoles and has a strong, green odor of tomato leaf This compound is considered to be important to tomato flavor. 2,4-dimethyl-5-vinyl thiazole has a nut-like odor. 2-acetyl thiazole is characterized as having a nutty, cereal, and popcorn flavor [47],... 

Caffeine is a drug with stimulating effects. It is found in foods, beverages, and medicines, and it occurs naturally in plant products such eis coffee, tea, cacao beans, kola nuts, mate drink, and guarana paste. More than 63 species of plants growing in all parts of the world contain caffeine in their leaves, seeds, or fruit. Pure caffeine is obtained (1) as a by-product from the manufacture of decaffeinated coffee, (2) from the extraction of coffee bean and tea leaf waste, and (3) from the methylation of theobromine obtained from cocoa waste. Most Americans consume some caffeine. Recently, there has been considerable concern as to the effect of caffeine on health. 

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