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Blood clot coagulation factors

A number of proteins of the blood clotting (coagulation) cascade (including prothrombin, and a number of other clotting factors) undergo post-translational modification in a reaction catalysed by a vitamin K-dependent carboxylase, which transforms specific Glu residues into y-carboxyglutamic acid, Gla (Fig. 4.1). In the reaction (Fig. 4.2), the dihydroquinone (reduced) form of vitamin K, KH2, is oxidised to the epoxide form, KO, by O2. The... [Pg.71]

The calcium ion, necessary for blood-clot formation, stimulates release of bloodclotting factors from platelets (see Blood, coagulants and anticoagulants) (25). Neuromuscular excitabihty also depends on the relative concentrations of Na", Ca ", Mg ", and (26). Upon a decrease in... [Pg.376]

Coagulopathies signal end-stage liver disease. The liver manufactures coagulation factors essential for blood clotting and... [Pg.327]

The concept that different structural domains on the heparin chains are principally involved for optimal activity in the foregoing interactions could not be perceived in early work on structure-activity correlations, because the activity of heparin has been most frequently evaluated only with whole-blood-clotting tests (such as the U.S.P. assay). Development of assays for specific clotting-factors (especially Factor Xa and thrombin) has permitted a better insight into the mechanism of action of heparin at different levels of the coagulation cascade. [Pg.128]

The most commonly used oral anticoagulant drug in the U.S. is warfarin. It acts by altering vitamin K so that it is unavailable to participate in synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors in the liver (coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X). Because of the presence of preformed clotting factors in the blood, the full antithrombotic effect of warfarin therapy may require 36 to 72 h. [Pg.238]

Several substances that contribute to the blood coagulation process are formed in the liver. These include fibrinogen, prothrombin, and several of the blood clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X). Deficiency in any of these substances leads to impaired blood coagulation. [Pg.296]

Table 12.1 The coagulation factors that promote the blood clotting process. Note that the factor originally designated as VI was later shown to be factor Va... Table 12.1 The coagulation factors that promote the blood clotting process. Note that the factor originally designated as VI was later shown to be factor Va...
Intrinsic pathway All the protein factors necessary for coagulation are present in circulating blood. Clot formation may take several minutes and is initiated by activation of factor XII. [Pg.111]

Extrinsic pathway Coagulation is activated by release of tissue thromboplastin, a factor not found in circulating blood. Clotting occurs in seconds because factor III bypasses the early reactions. [Pg.111]

Development of the LAL assay was based upon the observation that the presence of Gramnegative bacteria in the vascular system of the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus), resulted in the clotting of its blood. Tests on fractionated blood showed the factor responsible for coagulation resided within the crab s circulating blood cells, the amoebocytes. Further research revealed that the bacterial agent responsible for initiation of clot formation was endotoxin. [Pg.176]

To maintain hemostasis, blood must be retained in the vasculature as fluid. At the same time, blood components must be able to respond rapidly with a clot when a vascular injury occurs. To repair a vascular injury, platelets in blood first adhere as aggregates to the endothelial cells at the affected site and form an initial blood clot. Platelets then stimulate and activate coagulation factors found in plasma to form a more stable fibrin clot. As the injury is resolved and healed, the clot is degraded. Thrombosis is a pathological event wherein a blood clot occludes a blood vessel, resulting in ischemic necrosis of the tissue fed by the blood vessel. Ischemic necrosis involves local anemia and oxygen deprivation. Thrombosis of a coronary artery may lead to myocardial infarction or unstable angina [20]. [Pg.251]

Factor VIII (FVIII) is an essential coagulation factor in the blood which serves as a cofactor in the complex blood-clotting cascade. A deficiency in FVIII is the... [Pg.669]


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