Clarification solution purification

The commercial recovery of iodine on an industrial scale depends on the particular source of the element.Erom natural brines, such as those at Midland (Michigan) or in Russia or Japan, chlorine oxidation followed by air blowout as for bromine (above) is much used, the final purification being by resublimation. Alternatively the brine, after clarification, can be treated with just sufficient AgNOs to precipitate the Agl which is then treated with clean scrap iron or steel to form metallic Ag and a solution of EeU the Ag is redissolved in HNO3 for recycling and the solution is treated with CI2 to liberate the h ... 

Soluble proteins, purification of extracellular, 275 recombinant, 276-277 Solutions, clarification for CD spectral analysis, 228-229... 

Complex matrices may require a cleanup or purification step. Clarification can be performed with Carrez solutions (33,44,45,66). Highly colored solutions are decolorized by means of Cl 8 disposable cartridges (33). Wu et al. (47) adsorbed acesulfame-K in ODS-4 cartridges and... 

Clarification with Carrez solutions can be used to eliminate interfering compounds (14,44,45). Purification, isolation, or concentration of the extract can also be performed by solid-phase extraction with C8 (53) or Cl8 (46,47,75). Hayakawa et al. (75) used Sep-Pak Cl8 cartridges for the separation of aspartame from its degradation products. The sample was applied to the Sep-Pak, and degradation products and aspartame were eluted with 10% and 30% methanol in acetate buffer, respectively. 

A number of applications are given in this chapter that detail the capture and recovery of intracellular proteins including recombinant proteins. The initial protein recovery steps, regardless of the source, are usually associated with large volumes and crude solutions, requiring removal of particles and reduction of volume before their purification can take place. Centrifugation, filtration, precipitation, solvent extraction, and batch adsorption are common unit operations involved in the preliminary steps of protein recovery. Expanded-bed adsorption, as described here, is an approach for the initial protein recovery that eliminates the need for clarification and volume reduction. In this process, a crude starting solution is pumped directly onto an... 

Example 3. In the purification and clarification of water for domestic use aluminum sulfate, Al2(S04)g, is sometimes added to produce a gelatinous precipitate of aluminum hydroxide, to which suspended particles cling. This precipitate is produced by hydrolysis of the salt. If the pH of the water is 7.0 after the aluminum sulfate has been added, how much aluminum remains in solution as aluminum ion The solubility product of A1(0H>3 is 1.9 x lO- . 

Vacuum distillation is not confined to the purification of substances that are liquid at ordinary temperatures but often can be used to advantage for solid substances. The operation is conducted for a different purpose and by a different technique. A solid is seldom distilled to cause a separation of constituents of different degrees of volatility but rather to purify the solid. It is often possible in one vacuum distillation to remove foreign coloring matter and tar without appreciable loss of product, whereas several wasteful crystallizations might be required to attain the same purity. It is often good practice to distill a crude product and then to crystallize it. Time is saved in the latter operation because the hot solution usually requires neither filtration nor clarification. The solid must be dry and a test should be... 

Abstract Natural and synthetic polyelectrolytes have acquired notable importance in recent years due to their increasing application in different areas. One of these is downstream process methods which include the recovery, separation, concentration and purification of target enzymes from their natural sources. Polyelectrolytes interact with proteins to form soluble or non-soluble complexes. The interaction is driven by experimental variables of media such as pH, protein isoelectrical value, polyelectrolyte pKa, ionic strength and the presence of salts. The concentration of polyelectrolytes necessary to precipitate a protein completely is of the order of 10 " - 10 % p/v. Precipitation of protein by PE is a novel technique integrating clarification, concentration and initial purification in a single step. This chapter presents some properties of aqueous solutions of natural and synthetic PE as a tool to use them in the protein downstream process. 

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