Fiber Optical Chemical Sensor

Nelson A, Hui H K, Bennett M, Hahn S and Bankert C S 1993 US Patent 5 204 265 Wolfbeis O S 1991 Oxygen sensors Fiber Optic Chemical Sensors and Biosensors vol 2, ed O S Wolfbeis (Boca Raton, FL Chemical Rubber Company) pp 19-53 Hauenstein B L, Picemo R, Brittain H J and Nestor J A 1993 US Patent 5 190729 Modlin D N and Milanovitch F P 1991 Instrumentation for fiber optic chemical sensors Fiber Optic Chemical Sensors and Biosensors vol 1, ed O S Wolfbeis (Boca Raton, FL Chemical Rubber Company) pp 237-302 Wolthuis R, McCrae D and Hartl I C et al 1992 Development of a medical fiber optic oxygen sensor based on optical absorption change Trans. IEEE Eng. Biol. Med. EBM-39 185-93... 

M. R. Shahriari, Sol-gel fiber optic chemical sensors, in Optical Fiber Sensor Technology, ed. K. T. V. Grattan and B. T. Meggitt, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1999, vol. 4, ch. 3. 

Angel, S.M. 1987. Optrodes Chemically selective fiber-optic sensors. Spectroscopy 2(4) 38-48. 

Leiner M J P and Wolfbeis O S 1991 Fiber optic pH sensors Fiber Optic Chemical Sensors and Biosensors vol 1, ed O S Wolfbeis (Boca Raton, FL Chemical Rubber Company) pp 359-84 Jackson J T and Hui H K 1993 US Patent 5 212092... 

O. S. Wolfbeis, ed.. Fiber Optic Chemical Sensors Vol. 2, Chemical Rubber Co. Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1991. 

FIBER OPTIC CHEMICAL SENSORS AND BIOSENSORS A VIEW BACK... 

Other very early work includes that of Boisde at the CEA9,10. A scheme of the experimental set-up used by his group is given in Fig. 1. The fiber optic pH sensor described by Peterson et al.11 in 1980 was another milestone. A 2-volume book that appeared in 1991 gives an account of the early work on fiber optic chemical sensors and biosensors12 up to about 1989. Earlier reviews include those of Kirkbright et al.13, Borman14, and Hirschfeld et al.15. 

Figure 3. First fiber optic chemical sensor (from ref. [17] used for sensing oxygen). Alos shown is a cross-sedction of the fiber bundle used. 6 light source 9 photodectectors 16 chemically sensitive layer.

This section covers early indirect fiber optic chemical sensors (FOCS) for species that cannot be sensed directly but require the use of indicators, probes, labeled biomolecules, or color-forming reactions. 

While several optical chemical sensors and biosensors in use that do not rely on fiber optics, the commercialization of FOCS technology started slowly, probably because of the limitations imparted to optical sensing if... 

Table 4. Selection of Commercial Fiber Optic Chemical Sensors.

Miller H.H., Hirschfeld T.B., Fiber optic chemical sensors for industrial and process control, Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 1987 718 39. 

Edmonds T.E., Ross I.D., Low-cost fiber optic chemical sensors, Anal. Proceed. 1985 22 206. 

Seitz W.R., Chemical sensors based on immobilized indicators and fiber optics, CRC Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 1988 19 135. 

Fiber-optic chemical sensors (FOCSs) represent a subclass of chemical sensors in which an optical fiber is used as part of the transduction element. 

Arnold M.A., Fiber-optic chemical sensors, Anal. Chem. 1992 64 1015A-1025A. 

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