Civil Works and Buildings

The civil works construction contractor is the first to arrive on the site. Most of its work will have been completed before contractors of other disciplines can start, for civil works create the physical infrastructure upon which equipment is erected and piping and cabling supported. The principal types of civil works are  

This appendix also briefly evokes building works. Structural steelwork is sometimes considered to be part of the civil works scope, but in this handbook it is treated as a distinct discipline (see Appendix E). 

The design and construction methods to be used for foundations for equipment, structures and buildings and of the associated roads and car parks, and also for earth retaining walls are dependent on the nature and physical properties of the soil on and under the site. For this reason the following factors will have been investigated by means of in situ and laboratory tests carried out by specialists to determine  

Removal of unsuitable or excessive soil Temporary storage of soil 

Once the platforms are completed and consolidated, battery limits, roads, foundations and plinth positions can be set out. Quality records comprise topographical survey reports, soil test reports carried out at various stages of the works and marked-up drawings. 

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Major items of equipment are normally procured by the EPCM contractor s head office. The EPCM contractor s procurement from the site office is generally limited to minor items purchased locally for speed and convenience. Items issued free by the owner may be special process equipment. For civil works and buildings, the construction contractors normally procure items such as pre-mixed concrete, reinforcing bars, doors, windows, and so forth. Concerning piping contracts, pipes, valves and fittings may be procured either by the... 

The hours for the Civil Work activities, Concrete, Structural Steel, and Buildings have also been lifted directly from Appendix L, Sections L.9, L.IO, and L.ll. On larger projects deeper activity breakdowns can be prepared with Table 15.2. 

M = total number of pieces of equipment fp = installation factor for piping fer = installation factor for equipment erection fei = installation factor for electrical work fi = installation factor for instrumentation and process control fc = installation factor for civil engineering work fs = installation factor for structures and buildings fl = installation factor for lagging, insulation, or paint. 

Construction cost. 35,000,000 including cost of buildings for the plant, office and other civil works. 

A parallel is often drawn between big hydro-power and nuclear projects, as the former may well be more capital intensive and take longer to build. There is, however, a fundamental difference as far as export credits are concerned, as the civil works for hydro projects are most often financed domestically, and the foreign component of equipment is only delivered in the last years of the construction, making the repa3mient period shorter than for a nuclear power plant. 

The Civil Engineering Department at UCD recently moved into a new building where the ground floor consists of a number of large project rooms (freely available for project work and study for each stage/year) surrounded by staff offices. The environment is therefore ideal for collaborative project work. The UCD campus is within 4 miles of the city s capital and has built up and maintains a very good relationship with industry. Furthermore, we have access to a large... 

The field of engineering seismology is less than one century old, but in the twenty-first century, it plays an important role in urban development and disaster prevention. Earthquake seismologists work with civil engineers and architects to design buildings, roads, bridges, and tunnels that may withstand the type of seismic activity that has occurred in the past. 

The existing Regulations apply to most common building, civil engineering and construction work. 

Each engineering funaion (e.g., civil, struaural, and piping design) builds its portion of the model with the ability to view but not change the other functions work. An example of this detailed engineering model is depicted in Exhibit 17-12. 

Although their delivery to site was not required until after the main civil and building work had been completed, they were nevertheless the first reactor components to be required on site. The time available for their design and construction was therefore comparatively short and, at the same time, their manufacture required a high standard of dimensional accuracy. 

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