Cinchona succirubra

Quinine Quinine, molecular formula C20H24N2O2, is a white crystalline quinoline alkaloid, isolated from Cinchona hark Cinchona succirubra), and is well known as an antimalarial drug. Quinine is extremely bitter, and also possesses antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. While quinine is stiU the drug of choice for the treatment of Falciparum malaria, it can be also used to treat nocturnal leg cramps and arthritis. Quinine is an extremely basic compound, and is available in its salt forms, e.g. sulphate, hydrochloride and gluconate. 

Leaves of Cinchona succirubra Pav. from a trial plantation in the north of Thailand have been reported to contain the typical bases of quinoline alkaloids (cinchonine, cinchonidine, quinidine, quinine, di-hydroquinidine, and dihydroquinine) together with the indole bases quina-mine and 3-epiquinamine (97,98). 10-Methoxycinchonamine (92) has also been isolated from this plant for the first time. Except for the inclusion of alkaloid 92, the alkaloid pattern in C. succirubra is the same as that in the cross-species C. succirubra x C. ledgeriana from Guatemala. 

Cinchona Ledgeri-ana, C. Calisaya and hybrids of these with other Cinchona species Botanical origin Cinchona succirubra or its hybrids Coffea arabica Coffea liberica... 

Alkaloids are one of the most important classes of natural product providing drugs for humans since ancient times. Most alkaloids are well known because of their toxicity or use as psychodelic drugs (e.g. cocaine, morphine or the semisynthetic LSD), but many alkaloids have had a deep impact on the treatment of parasitic infections. The outstanding example is quinine (1) from Cinchona succirubra (Rubiaceae) used for the treatment of malaria for more than three centuries. 

Cinchona succirubra Cinchona calisaya Corynanthe pachyceras... 

Quinine isolated from Cinchona succirubra represents the oldest example of quinoline alkaloids antiparasitic effects, particularly antiplasmodial activity it has been used to treat malaria for more than three centuries. Other quinoline alkaloids such as 2- -propylquinoline, chimanine B, 2-n-pentylquinoline, and 4-methoxy-2-phenylquinoline have been also shown to be effective against strains of parasites causing cutaneous leishmaniasis [189,190] (Fig. 25). 

Cinchonan-9-ol, 6 -mnethoxy-. See Quinine Cinchona succirubra extract CAS 84776-28-3 84929-25-9 977038-61-1 EINECS/ELINCS 283-953-7 FEMA 2282, 2284... 

Definition Extract of the bark of the cinchona, Cinchona succirubra Properties Bitter tonic... 

Peruvian bark extract. See Cinchona extract Cinchona succirubra extract Peruviol. See Trimethyidodecatrieneol Peryflene maroon. See Pigment red 179 Perylene red Y. See Perylenetetracarboxylic anhydride... 

Red arsenic Red arsenic glass Red arsenic sulfide. See Arsenic disulfide Red base 3GL. See 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline Red cedarwood oil. See Cedarwood oil Red cinchona bark extract. See Cinchona succirubra extract Red cockscomb. See Amaranth Red copper oxide Red cuprous oxide. See Copper oxide (ous)... 

Basil (Ocimum basiiicum) oil Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) extract Bergamot (Citrus aurantium bergamia) extract Birch (Betula alba) extract Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium amara) peel extract Black haw (Viburnum prunifolium) bark extract Burdock (Arctium majus) extract Burdock (Arctium minus) extract Camellia oleifera extract Camellia sinensis extract Caper (Capparis spinosa) extract Capsicum frutescens extract Cedar (Thuja occidentalis) extract Chestnut (Castanea sativa) extract Chicory (Cichorium intybus) extract Chinese angelica (Angelica polymorpha sinensis) extract Cinchona succirubra extract Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) extract Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extract Clary (Salvia sclarea) extract... 

Cichorium intybus) extract Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) Cinchona extract Cinchona succirubra extract Cinnamon bark extract Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) oil Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark oil... 

Cinchona succirubra extract 977038-62-2 Citrus extract 977038-68-8 Cork, oak 977038-71-3... 

Quinine, 6-methoxycinchonine C20H24N2O2, is found in Peruvian bark, Cinchona spp. (Rubiaceae), a tree that originates in the Andes mountains. The major species used are Cinchona succirubra and C. ledgeriana. Quinidine is isomeric to quinine. 

Cinchona succirubra (Rubiaceae) is a tall tree that grows wild in the Andes of Peru and Brazil. It is cultivated in Java and Sumatra. The bark contains 5%-8% total alkaloids. The major alkaloid, quinine, has been used as an antimalarial agent. Cinchonidine, cinchonine, and quinidine have also been obtained. 

Catechins are particularly good nucleophiles, so it is not surprising to find these compounds substituted at the A-ring with other natural products. The bark of Quercus stenophylla contains ellagitannins that are linked by carbon carbon bonds to the C-6 or C-8 of catechin (277). Kopsirachin (25), from Kopsia dasyrachis, is a most interesting example of this type of catechin derivative in which both the C-6 and C-8 positions are substituted by the alkaloid skytanthine (160). Other examples of this type of compound are the C-6, C-8, and C-6 -l- C-8 cinnamate derivatives of catechin isolated from Cinchona succirubra (273, 279). It can be predicted that many more examples of this type of catechin derivative will be found in the future. 

Nonaka G, Kawahara O, Nishioka I 1982 Tannins and related compounds. VIII. A new type of proanthocyanidin, cinchonains Ila and Ilb from Cinchona succirubra. Chem Pharm Bull Tokyo 30 4277-4282... 

Nonaka G, Nishioka I 1982 Thnnins and related compounds. VII. Phenylpropanoid substituted epicatechins, cinchonains from Cinchona succirubra. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 30 4268-4272... 

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