Coffea arabica Rubiaceae

Universal in plants as abscission, dormancy stomatal closure phytohormone John Cornforth (Australia, UK, Nobel Prize, 1975, Chemistry, terpenes) Ilex paraguayensis (mate) (Aquifoliaceae), Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae), Paullinia cupana (Sapindaceae), Cola acuminata (Sterculiaceae), Camellia sinensis (Theaceae)... 

Caffeine is found in a number of botanically unrelated species, including Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae), Camellia sinensis (Theaceae), or tea. Cola nitida (Sterculaciaceae), or kola nut, and Paullinia cupana (Sapindaceae), or guarana. Caffeine is bound to chlorogenic acid in raw coffee beans, the roasting process liberating the caffeine and other compounds that contribute to the aroma of coffee (Samuelsson 1992). 

The coffee plant is a relatively small tree or shmb belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It is often controlled to a height of 3 to 5 meters. Coffea arabica (milds) accounts for 69% of world production Coffea canephora (robustas), 30% and Coffea liberica and others, 1%. Each of these species includes several varieties. After the spring rains the plant produces white flowers. About sis months later the flowers are replaced by fmit approximately the size of a small cherry, hence they are called cherry. The fmit on a tree can include underripe, ripe (red, yellow, and purple color), and overripe cherries. It can be selectively picked (ripe only) or strip picked (predominantly ripe plus some underripe and overripe). 

The two main species of commercial interest in the genus Coffea are Coffea arabica and Coffe a canephora var. robusta. They are conveniently referred to as Arabica and Robusta, respectively. Each genus covers a number of varietals there are at least 13 varieties of Arabica coffees, for example. The genus is in the botanical family of Rubiaceae. 

By way of example, you can quickly find from the Plant Genus Index what has been found in Coffea arabica (family Rubiaceae) (coffee), the entry being ... 

COFFEE, Coffeae semen Coffee is the roasted seed from different Coffea-sptcits, family Rubiaceae, such as Coffea arabica L., Coffea liberica Bull ex. Hierm. and Coffea robusta Lind., which originally gave Mountain coffee, Liberian coffee, and Congo coffee, respectively. Now coffee is cultivated on a... 

Sitosterol Coffea arabica L/Rubiaceae Green Beans (5-Sitosterol extracted from beans given orally to mice decreased their blood glucose levels [43],... 

Purines also occur in common beverages. For example, it is customary to drink tea, coffee, cocoa, mate, guarana, and other related stimulating drinks in many places in the world. Coffee, red tea, green tea, and cocoa are representative drinks that are widely appreciated all over the world. Among these, coffee is prepared from the seeds of Cqffea arabica or Coffea robusta (Rubiaceae), and red tea and green tea are prepared from the leaves of Camellia sinensis (Theaceae). Cocoa is prepared from the seeds of Theobroma cacao (Sterculiaceae). These drinks all contain purine derivatives, i.e., caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline. The history of the research on caffeine and theophylline is old, and these alkaloids were isolated as long ago as 1820 by Pelletier and Caventou. Total syntheses of these alkaloids were attempted at the end of the nineteenth century [3,4]. 

Origin of Some Central Trivial Names. Some names were chosen according to the discovery of the corresponding compounds such as cinnamic acid [Cinnamomum verum Presl., cinnamon tree (Lauraceae)], coumaric acids/ coumarin [Dipterix odorata (Aubl.) Wu-ld. sub nom. Coumarouna odorata Aubl. (Fabaceae)], caf-feic acid [Coffea arabica L., coffee tree (Rubiaceae)], and ferulic add (Ferula spp., Apiaceae). Quinic acid is named according to its discovery as a constituent of cinchona bark [Cinchona L. spp. (Rubiaceae)] this compound was named according to the German Chinarinde (cinchona bark) - corrupted from quina (Spanish... 

Many diterpenoid alcohols are cyclic compounds occurring as free substances, but also as fatty acid esters or glycosides. The toxicity of latex of many plant species from the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) is caused by the presence of phorbol esters such as 13-acetyl-12-myristoyl-phorbol. Cafestol, kahweol (8-25) and related diterpenoids (16-O-methylcafestol, 16-0-methylkahweol and other compounds) are found in green coffee Coffea spp., Rubiaceae) beans (mainly esterified to fatty acids at the C-16 or C-17 position) and unfiltered coffee prepared from roasted coffee seeds, such as Turkish coffee. Kahweol is specific to C. arabica coffee, where it occurs in concentrations of about 5890 mg/kg of fresh weight and 5200 mg/kg in the endosperm and perisperm, respectively, while 16-O-methylcafestol occurs only in robusta coffee (C. canephora). The amount of cafestol in C. arabica is about... 

Coffeae semen Coffee beans CoiTea arabica L., other species Rubiaceae MD, DAB 10 (caffeine) 0.3%-2.3% caffeine theophylline (traces) Chlorogenic acid Fig. 29,30... 

---