Bark, Peruvian

Chin-, quin- (as in Chinin, Chinidin, etc.). China, /. cinchona, Peruvian bark, -alkaloidj ... 

China-ol, n. baleam of Peru, rindet/. cinchona bark, Peruvian bark. rindensauret /. quinic acid, -rot, n. cinchona red. 

Peru-gummi, n. Peruvian gum. -rinde, /. Peruvian bark, -salpeter, m. Peruvian saltpeter (NaNOa). -silber, n. a kind of nickel silver, peruvianisch, a. Peruvian, of Peru. Perverbindimg,/. per compound, specif, peroxy compound. 

Lee MR. (2002) Plants against malaria. Part 1 Cinchona or the Peruvian bark. JR Coll Physicians Edinb 32 189-196. 

The medicinal use of quinine, an antimalarial agent, dates back over 350 years. Quinine is the chief alkaloid of cinchona, the bark of the South American cinchona tree, otherwise known as Peruvian bark, Jesuit s bark, or Cardinal s bark. In 1633, an Augustinian monk named Calan-cha of Lima, Peru, first wrote that a powder of cinchona given as a beverage, cures the fevers and tertians. By 1640, cinchona was used to treat fevers in Europe, a fact first mentioned in the European medical literature in 1643. The Jesuit fathers were the main importers and distributors of cinchona in Europe, hence the name Jesuit s bark. Cinchona also was called Cardinal s bark because it was sponsored in Rome by the eminent philosopher, Cardinal de Lugo. 

Quinine is an alkaloid compound used to treat malaria and other feverish ailments. It is a product of the bark of the Cinchona tree, a large evergreen originally found in South America. The bark alone is called Peruvian bark, and is used in powdered form to treat fevers. 

Watt, however, also appears to have had other phenomena in mind when he wrote of modifications of airs. Both the practical production of airs and Watt s therapeutic hopes for them involved him in interesting ideas about the airs and the metals, or other substances, from which they are produced. These ideas were presented as a response to suggestions by some eminent physicians that powdered substances, such as Peruvian bark and the calces of lead and zinc, might have therapeutic value in treating conditions of the lungs ... 

Now quinine is a natural substance found in the bark of the cinchona tree [native to South America]. And the genius of the business was to buy up the cinchona—Peruvian bark as they called it—at the cheapest possible price and then extract the qui-... 

The two principal alkaloids on which the virtues of Peruvian Bark depend, Quinia and Cinchonia, are used as substitutes for the bark itself. Quinia and its salts will be noticed elsewhere. See Quinia [next monograph]. The following are the officinal preparations of Bark, with their... 

Quinine was originally extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree (Peruvian bark or Jesuits bark) and was used to treat ague, that is fever, usually due to malaria. It fell out of fashion with the advent of other antimalarial drugs, but has once again become the drug of first choice for malaria originating in areas with multiresistant Plasmodium falciparum. To be effective, quinine plasma concentrations greater than the minimal inhibitory concentration must be achieved and maintained. 

Inspections were as frequently commenting on products absent from premises as products that were defective. Products frequently reported as defective were Venetian treacle/Mithridatum/ Theriac Andromachus, Tincture of Rhubarb, cinnamon, helleboris niger, absinth, aloes, jalop and most frequently, Peruvian bark. 

Peruvian bark. 1. Cinchona pallida. Pale bark. 2. Cinchona rubra. Red bark. 3. Cinchona flava. Yellow bark. Cinchona lancifolia. Lond. 10. Cortex. The bark. Cinchona oblongifolia. Lond. 10. Cortex. The bark. Cinchona cordifolia. Lond. 10. Cortex. The bark. 

Take of Peruvian bark, bruised, half an ounce. Boiling water, half a pint. 

INFUSION OF PERUVIAN BARK WITH LIME -WATER. 

Take of Peruvian bark in coarse powder, six ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints and a half. 

During the seventeenth century the antimalarial activity of cinchona trivs growing wild in Peru was discovered. It is believed that Countess del Chinchon, wife of the Spanish Viceroy in Lima, Peru, was cured from severe attacks of malari.i by a remedy prepared from the bark of this native tree. Encouraged by the curatne effects of the Peruvian bark, the Spanish Viceroy introduced it in his homeland in 1639 for the treatment of ague. The powdered bark was later known as "/os Po/oos de la condesa" Subsequently, the Peruvian bark was widely used to cure "fevers" in... 

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