Cigarettes cancers

Living 2 months with cigarette Cancer, heart disease... 

Patterson F, Benowitz N, Shields P, Kaufmann V, Jepson C, WUeyto P, Kucharski S, Lerman C (2003) Individual differences in nicotine intake per cigarette. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12(5) 468 71... 

Benowitz NL, Hall SM, Stewart S, Wilson M, Dempsay D, Jacob P 111 (2007) Nicotine and carcinogen exposure with smoking of progressively reduced nicotine content cigarette. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16 2479-2485... 

Eongo WE, Rigler MW, Slade J. 1995. Crocidolite asbestos fibers in smoke from original Kent cigarettes. Cancer Res 55 2232-2235. 

Brannemann, K.D., L. Yu, and D. Hoffmann Assessment of carcinogenic volatile V-nitrosamines in tobacco and mainstream and sidestream smoke from cigarettes Cancer Res. 37 (1977) 3218-3222. 

Holland, R.H. and A.R. Acevedo Current status of arsenic in American cigarettes Cancer 19 (1966)... 

McCall, D.A. Clark, and H.C. Lanz Arsenic in regularsized unfiltered and filtered cigarettes Cancer 11 (1958) 1826. 

Tar and nicotine retrieval from fifty-six brands of cigarettes Cancer 20 (1967) 323-332. 2629. 

Cartwright, R. (1982). Occupational bladder cancer and cigarette smoking in West Yorkshire. Scand.J, Work Plnviron. Flealth 8 (Suppl. 1), 79-82. 

Certain compounds of this type are potent carcinogens. One of the most dangerous is benzo[a]pyrene, which has been detected in cigarette smoke. It is believed to be a cause of lung cancer, to which smokers are susceptible. 

The a-tocopherol, P-carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention study was a randomised-controlled trial that tested the effects of daily doses of either 50 mg (50 lU) vitamin E (all-racemic a-tocopherol acetate), or 20 mg of P-carotene, or both with that of a placebo, in a population of more than 29,000 male smokers for 5-8 years. No reduction in lung cancer or major coronary events was observed with any of the treatments. What was more startling was the unexpected increases in risk of death from lung cancer and ischemic heart disease with P-carotene supplementation (ATBC Cancer Prevention Study Group, 1994). Increases in the risk of both lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality were also observed in the P-carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET), which tested the effects of combined treatment with 30 mg/d P-carotene and retinyl pahnitate (25,000 lU/d) in 18,000 men and women with a history of cigarette smoking or occupational exposure to asbestos (Hennekens et al, 1996). 

NOMURA A, GROVE J S, STEMMERMANN G N, STEVENSON R K (1990) A prospective Study of stomach cancer and its relation to diet, cigarettes and alcohol consiunption. Cancer Res. 50 627-31. 

Albanes, D. et al., Effect of supplemental P-carotene, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on serum carotenoids in alpha-tocopherol, P-carotene cancer prevention study, Am. J. Clin. Nutn, 66, 366, 1976. 

Pryor, W.A. (1987). Cigarette smoke and the involvement of free radical reactions in chemical carcinogenesis. Br. J. Cancer 55, 19-23. 

Ballinger SW, Bouder TG, Davis GS, Judice SA, Nicklas JA and Albertini RJ (1996) Mitochondrial genome damage associated with cigarette smoking. Cancer Res 56 5692-5697. 

Lives with wife has four grown children smoked 2 packs of cigarettes per day x 40 years (quit with diagnosis of lung cancer)... 

Mother had diabetes and died of a myocardial infarction at 62 years of age father smoked 1 to 3 packs of cigarettes per day and developed fatal lung cancer at age 57... 

In an early study in 1971, Cole22 found an association between coffee drinking and lower urinary tract cancer based on a case-control study of 445 cancer patients (345 men, 100 women) and 451 population controls who were matched for age and sex. The analyses had controlled for cigarette smoking and occupation however, there was no consistent dose response relation, and the summary risks were significant only in women,... 

In an investigation of caffeine-containing products in 1993, Slattery et al.75 reported on alcohol, coffee, tea, caffeine, and theobromine intake and the risk of prostate cancer in a Utah study. Data were gathered from a population-based sample of 362 newly diagnosed cases of prostate cancer and 685 age-matched controls. The Utah population was comprised predominantly of members of the Church of Jesus Christ Latter-Day Saints. The researchers found that pack-years of cigarettes smoked and consumption of alcohol, coffee, tea, and caffeine were not associated with prostate cancer risk, but found some possible correlation with increased theobro-... 

Stocks, P., Cancer mortality in relation to national consumption of cigarettes, said fuel, tea and coffee, Br J Cancer, 24, 215, 1970. 

Ross, R. K., Paganini-Hill, A., Landolph, J., Gerkins, V., Henderson, B. E., Analgesics, cigarette smoking, and other risk factors for cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter, Cancer Res, 49, 1045, 1989. 

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