Chronic inflammatory diseases neutrophils

COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease that results from prolonged and repeated inhalation of particles and gases, chronic (or latent) infection or an interaction of these factors. In many cases, the inflammation persists even when the exposure (in most cases smoking) is stopped. Prominent among the infiltrating leukocytes are neutrophils, CD8+ lymphocytes (Co-receptor for the T-cell receptor. CD8+ is specific for the class IMHC protein. It is expressed on the surface of cytotoxic T-cells and natural killer cells.) and CD68+ monocytic cells (A lysosomal antigen. All cells that rich in... 

This is a chronic inflammatory disease, which can affect the gut as well as other organs. There is relatively little information on the role of free radicals in this condition. Neutrophil chemiluminescence was increased in patients with intestinal Behcet s compared to normal controls (Suematsu et al., 1987a) and there is some evidence for endothelial injury by neutrophil-derived oxidants (Niwa et al., 1982). Preliminary studies with lip)osomal-encapsulated SOD demonstrated marked improvement in 12 out of 16 pjatients wdth active Behcet s disease (Niwa etal., 1985). 

During chronic inflammatory disease, inflammatory cells (neutrophils, mast cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes) become increasingly more damaging to tissues. Anti-inflammatory action of Bik reduces cell death mediated by immune cell. Proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-q) and interleukin-1 (3 (IL-1) cause expression of multiple inflammatory and innate immunity genes for additional cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and enzymes. Aprotinin has been reported to cause a reduction in apoptosis in vivo by decreasing inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF -a) thus preventing caspase-8 activation [81],... 

Wagner C, Pioch M, Meyer C, Iking-Konert C, Andrassy K, Hansch GM Differentiation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in patients with systemic infections and chronic inflammatory disease Evidence for prolonged life-span and de novo synthesis of fibronectin. J Mol Med 2000 78 337-345. 

Unusual activation of neutrophils leads to chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases and arthritis. 

Verspaget, H.W., Elmgreen, J., Weterman, I.T., Pena, A.S., Riis, P. and Earners, C.B.H.W. (1986). Impaired activation of the neutrophil oxidative metabolism in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 21, 1124-1130. 

Damage to connective caused by leakage of elastases leads to damage associated with inflammatory diseases, such as pulmonary emphysema, adult respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, cystic fibrosis, carcinogenesis, chronic bronchitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Compounds that directly inhibit elastase or its release from human neutrophils are of enormous pharmaceutical and cosmetological interest in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs. A possible source for elastase inhibitors are the medicinal Asteraceae and Droseraceae, particularly those used as traditional medicine in Asia. 

Abnormal accumulation of elastase, a serine proteinase from human neutrophil, causes a number of acute and chronic inflammation diseases (Bernstein et al, 1994, cited in (1)). There is a demand for specific and potent exogenous inhibitors of proteinases, such as HNE, associated with these inflammatory processes (Stemlicht and Werb, 1999, cited in (1)). The serine proteinase inhibitor from tamarind seeds needs to be studies to determine whether it could have such application. Anti-inflammatory properties of tamarind fmit pulp were reported (7). 

The production of pro-inflammatory substances is an important step during chronic painful inflammatory diseases and its inhibition is a target of novel analgesics. The resin of Protium kleinii is used in folk medicine for inflammatory skin conditions. Its effects seem to be mediated by several pentacyclic triterpenes such as amyrin and brein [92], The topical and systemic administration of the extract of P. kleinii and some of its triterpenes has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions, accompanied by reduced neutrophil infiltration and cytokine... 

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