Chromatography-ICP

All isotope ratio measurements have to be corrected for instrumental mass bias by normalising to an invariant isotope of the same element (internal correction) or, whenever the internal approach cannot be applied, to a well-characterised isotope standard material (external correction). However, the external correction method requires the mass discrimination of an element being identical for the sample and the standard, which is not always the case. A large benefit of the hyphenated chromatography-ICP-MS system is that all measurements of standards and real samples can be carried out with exactly the same matrix - the eluent of the HPLC system. 

AAS = atomic absorption spectroscopy HPLC = high performance liquid chromatography ICP/AES = inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy... 

AMS = accelerated mass spectroscopy EDTA = ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid GFAAS = graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry ICP-AES = inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy NAA = neutron activation analysis ETAAS = electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry SEC/ICP-MS = size-exclusion chromatography/ICP-AES/mass spectrometry HLPC/ICP-AES = high-performance liquid chromatography/ICP-AES LAMMA = laser ablation microprobe mass analysis NA = not applicable ppq = parts per quadrillion... 

Itoh, A. and Haraguchi, H. (1997) Dissolved states of trace metal ions in natural waters as elucidated by ultra-filtration size exclusion chromatography ICP-MS. Anal. Scu, 13, 393-396. 

Mendez, S.P., Bayon, M.M., Gonzalez, E.B., and Sanz-Medel, A. 1999. Selenomethionine chiral speciation in yeast and parenteral solutions by chiral phase capillary gas chromatography-ICP-MS. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 14(9), 1333-1337. 

J. Vercauteren, A. De Meester, T. De Smaele, F. Vanhaecke, L. Moens., R. Dams, P. Sandra, Headspace solid-phase microextraction-capillary gas chromatography-ICP mass spectrometry for the determination of the organotin pesticide fentin in environmental samples, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 15 (2000), 651D656. 

S. McSheehy, J. Szpunar, R. Lobinski, V. Haldys, J. Tortajada, J. S. Edmonds, Characterisation of arsenic species in kidney of the clam Tridacna derasa by multidimensional liquid chromatography-ICP-MS and electrospray time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 74 (2002), 2370-2378. 

Groessl, M., Terenghi, M., Casini, A., Elviri, L., Lobinski, R., Dyson, P.J. Reactivity of anticancer metallodrugs with serum proteins new insights from size exclusion chromatography-ICP-MS and ESI-MS. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 25, 305-313 (2010)... 

APDC = ammonium pyrroiidine dithiocarbamate Bq = Bequerei and 1 pCi = 0.37 Bq dpm = disintegration per minute and 1 pCi = 2.22 dpm EDTA = ethyienediaminetetraacetic acid Fi = fiow injection HPLC=high performance liquid chromatography ICP = inductively coupled plasma spectrometry INAA = instrumental neutron activation and analysis MS = mass spectrometry NAA = neutron activation analysis nM = nanomole or 10 of a mol... 

Unnatural Products Chemistry. The complete identification of unknown compounds that we have successfully resolved using PB/LC/MS will clearly require additional analytical information, such as provided via liquid chromatography ICP/MS (detecting nonmetals such as chlorine and sulfur), FT-IR, UV or proton and heteroatom NMR. This situation is analogous to that of a natural products chemist faced with making a complete structural assignment of an unknown compound isolated from some matrix such as seaweed instead of a leachate from a hazardous waste site. The natural products chemist would exploit the complete array of analytical instrumentation and not attempt identification based solely upon low resolution (quadrupole) mass spectrometry. 

Dean J. R., Munro S., Ebdon L., Crews H. M. and Massey R. C. (1987) Studies of metalloprotein species by directly coupled high-performance liquid chromatography ICP-MS, J Anal At Spectrom 2 607—610. 

Michalke, B., Schramel, P., Witte, H. Method developments for iodine speciation by reversed-phase liquid chromatography-ICP-mass spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 2000, 78, 61-19. Michalke, B., Schramel, P., Witte, H. Iodine speciation in human serum by reversed-phase hquid chromatography-ICP-mass spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 2000, 78, 81-91. 

Vercauteren, J., Peres, C., Devos, C., Sandra, P., Vanhaecke, F., and Moens, L., Stir-bar sorptive extraction for the determination of ppq-level traces of organotin compounds in environmental samples with thermal desorption-capillary gas chromatography-ICP mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 73, 1509-1514, 2001. 

Michalke B, Witte H and Schramel P (2000) Method developments for iodine speeiation by reversed phase liquid chromatography-ICP-mass spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 78/1-3 67-79. 

Hunter DB, Bertsch PM, Kemner KM, Clark SB (1997) Distribution and chemical spedation of metals and metalloids in biota collected from contaminated environments by spatially resolved XRF, XANES, and EXAFS. Journal de Physique IV France 7 767-771 Ice GE (1996) Microbeam forming methods for synchrotron radiation. X-ray Spectrum 26 315-326 Jackson BP, Shaw-Allen P, Hopkins WA, Bertsch PM (2002) Trace element speciation in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from a fly ash settling basin by liquid chromatography-ICP-MS. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, in press... 

The results obtained for the vast majority of the laboratories carrying out the ISO 15061 IC method were considered to be fit for the purpose. In addition to this method, five alternative methods suitable for trace bromate determinations were also considered, namely on-line IC-ICP-MS, simple on-line column chromatography ICP-MS, IC with chlorpromazine post-column reaction and colorimetric detection, and fluorescence quenching with Carbostyril (with pre-treatment), which are all capable of achieving a bromate detection limit below 1 xg/L. A field method with methylene blue and fluorescence quenching with Carbostyril without sample pretreatment did not lead to satisfactory results at this level of bromate concentrations. 

Several recent studies have used quadrupole ICP-MS in combination with laser ablation (LA-ICP-MS), liquid chromatography-ICP-MS, and/or high-resolution and multi-collector ICP-MS. Despite the fact that the advantages of high sensitivity of mass spec-trometric techniques are mostly applicable to the analysis of terrestrial samples simultaneously, scanning electron microscopy demonstrates the performance characteristics of inclusions in minerals and generally agrees well with published values. 

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